This paper presents the thesis being carried out in France within the UMR 5600 (Environnement Ville Société) under the supervision of Valérie Pueyo. Begun on October 1st, 2019, this thesis is financed by the « Parcours Doctoral National en Santé Travail » coordinated by EHESP within the framework of the Plan Santé Travail 3. It is based on previous research work that has highlighted the existence of a "occupational health and safety doctrine" (Pueyo, Ruiz, Haettel, & Béguin, 2019). We will come back to this term in more details, its characterization being one of the objects of the research work, but it can be succinctly defined as a framework of thought and action that structures the prevention of occupational risks. The hypothesis put forward is also the birth of these predicates in the industrial world and their inadequacy with the new forms of work represented by service activities (ibid.). The central objective of the thesis is to deepen this hypothesis and to identify more precisely the points of dissonance between the occupational health and safety doctrine of prevention and service activities.