Record of the Permo-Triassic Crisis in Oceanic Environments: New Targets in Oman, Nevada, and British Columbia
Résumé
Data from the great Permo-Triassic biotic crisis are restricted to a limited number of geological sections, often
characterized by an unconformity within continental platform successions (Wignall et al.; 1996). In order to
solve this problem (global regression event), the study of oceanic successions emerges as one alternative. Recent
attempts confirm this potential: for instance, pelagites of the Mino-Tamba terrane from Japan include the
boundary within a 15 m interval of black shales intercalated within radiolarian chert of respectively late Permian
(Changxingian) and early Triassic (Dienerian) ages (Isozaki; 1997). This succession has been interpreted as
recording a significant decrease of siliceous bioproductivity in the late Permian, predating a major anoxia event
around the boundary, followed by progressive recovery of siliceous planktic productivity in the early Triassic
(Isozaki, ibid.). Present debate also includes the patterns of selectivity of extinctions and the search for suitable
paleooceanographic causes (Knoll et al.; 1996) as well as mechanisms of survival and recovery specific to each
faunal group. For planktic and nektonic organisms around the P-T boundary, these mechanisms are not always
well documented.
In this perspective, we thought of testing the quality of the sedimentary record from various oceanic
successions, as well as investigate the paleogeographic range and timing of this anoxia on a global scale. For this
purpose, we selected two domains: the Oman Mountains and the North American Cordillera, identified as two
complementary areas from two major domains of the world ocean at the end of the Permian: Tethys and
Panthalassa. Our multidisciplinary approach is based on: (1) biochronologic, paleobiogeographic and
evolutionary study of radiolarian, conodont, ostracod, ammonite and pseudoplanktic bivalve faunas; (2) facies
analysis and stable isotopes geochemistry. We identified and sampled several Permo-Triassic oceanic
successions of the Hawasina series (Oman), the Candelaria flysch and the Black Rock terrane (Nevada), and the
Cache Creek terrane (British Columbia). Four preliminary observations can be drawn from our first phase of
field work: (1) most localities display radiolarian chert as the dominant type strata in the late Permian; (2) up
section, successions grade into "boundary shales" and/or black shales or various thicknesses devoid of apparent
unconformities; (3) earliest Triassic successions usually consist of shales and/or platy carbonates; (4) siliceous
sedimentation reappears progressively up section. This typology is consistent from one locality to another, along
with close lithologic resemblance between remote localities, for instance the Hawasina series (Oman) and the
Black Rock terrane (Nevada). Differences of sedimentation rates related to the amount of carbonate input within
starved basins seems a significant factor for some local variations. Biochronology and geochemistry in progress
will be critical in support of these preliminary correlations.
Isozaki, Y., Science, 276, 235-238, (1997).
Knoll AH, Bambach RK, Canfield DE & Grotzinger JP, Science, 273, 453-457, (1996).
Wignall PB, Kozur, H, & Hallam, A, Historical Biology, 12, 39-62, (1996).
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