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            <title xml:lang="en">Expressing pain: qualitative analyses of adult-child interactions in a kindergarten</title>
            <title xml:lang="fr">Exprimer la douleur : analyses qualitatives d’interactions adulte-enfant au sein d’une crèche</title>
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                <forename type="first">Marc</forename>
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            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Douleur et Analgésie&lt;/i&gt;, 2010, 23 (4), pp.233-238. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11724-010-0193-9"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.1007/s11724-010-0193-9&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
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                <title xml:lang="en">Expressing pain: qualitative analyses of adult-child interactions in a kindergarten</title>
                <title xml:lang="fr">Exprimer la douleur : analyses qualitatives d’interactions adulte-enfant au sein d’une crèche</title>
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                    <forename type="first">Karine</forename>
                    <surname>Martel</surname>
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                    <forename type="first">Florence</forename>
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                <title level="j">Douleur et Analgésie</title>
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                  <publisher>Springer Verlag/Lavoisier</publisher>
                  <biblScope unit="volume">23</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="issue">4</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="pp">233-238</biblScope>
                  <date type="datePub">2010-12</date>
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                <term xml:lang="en">Language</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Child</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Interactions</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Pain</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Douleur</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Interactions</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Enfant</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Langage</term>
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              <p>&lt;b&gt;Aim&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To study the role of interactions between an adult and a child in the development of the expression of pain outside the family context. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Methods and materials&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt; A qualitative study of interactions during a painful event in a kindergarten was conducted. Twenty children from 9.6 months to 39 months of age (mean age 25 months) and ten adults working as professionals in the kindergarten were recorded. The method was to audiotape ecological interactions between an adult and a child during a painful event. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The results show that adults adjust their interactive style to each situation by considering a combination of situational (type of event, pain intensity) and individual factors (child’s age). Adults assumed the role of a caregiver and were attuned to the emotional regulation of children. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Observation of the interactions between an adult and a child in the kindergarten informs the construction of a common socially and culturally situated representation of pain and its expression.</p>
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              <p>&lt;b&gt;But&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Afin de saisir le rôle des interactions adulte enfant dans le développement de l’expression de la douleur, nous avons mené une étude qualitative de contenus interactifs lors d’un événement douloureux au sein d’une crèche. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Méthodes et matériel&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La méthode consiste à enregistrer de façon écologique des interactions adulte–enfant lors d’un événement douloureux. La population est constituée de 20 enfants (âgés de 9,6 à 39 mois, âge moyen : 25 mois) et de dix auxiliaires de puériculture de la crèche. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Résultats&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;L’analyse des résultats montre que les adultes adaptent leur style interactif à chaque situation en considérant un ensemble de facteurs : situationnels (type d’incident, intensité de la douleur) et individuel (âge de l’enfant). Cette adaptation fournit alors à l’adulte les moyens de remplir une fonction de soin et de régulation émotionnelle. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;De surcroît, ces interactions entre adulte et enfant en crèche permettent la construction d’une représentation commune, socialement et culturellement normée de la douleur et de son expression.</p>
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