<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:hal="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/" xmlns:gmlce="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/ce" version="1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 http://api.archives-ouvertes.fr/documents/aofr-sword.xsd">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>HAL TEI export of hal-03244286</title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
        <availability status="restricted">
          <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 - Universal</licence>
        </availability>
        <date when="2026-05-16T00:09:24+02:00"/>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p part="N">HAL API Platform</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblFull>
          <titleStmt>
            <title xml:lang="en">A longitudinal study of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients reveals a high correlation between neutralizing antibodies and COVID-19 severity</title>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Vincent</forename>
                <surname>Legros</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">da7f0021604bc2c73477cf693a537d71</email>
              <email type="domain">ens-lyon.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">vincent-legros</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1086650</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">711533-1086650</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6118-7564</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-222995"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Solène</forename>
                <surname>Denolly</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">1a0bb39bb86575cb60e358ce93bbb1e9</email>
              <email type="domain">ens-lyon.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1100514</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">1099092-1100514</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1739-0079</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/231345097</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-487618"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Manon</forename>
                <surname>Vogrig</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">2219429-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-51335"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Bertrand</forename>
                <surname>Boson</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">ab40e64c8bacabd1d2574bfb31d1e95b</email>
              <email type="domain">ens-lyon.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">bertrand-boson</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1100513</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">167344-1100513</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1920-5172</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-222995"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Eglantine</forename>
                <surname>Siret</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">2089777-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-222995"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Josselin</forename>
                <surname>Rigaill</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">2219430-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-51335"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Sylvie</forename>
                <surname>Pillet</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">484311-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1066708"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Florence</forename>
                <surname>Grattard</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1391057</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">447572-1391057</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5566-5187</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/203616421</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1066708"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Sylvie</forename>
                <surname>Gonzalo</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">1212561-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-51335"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Paul</forename>
                <surname>Verhoeven</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">f7ddc3758cd5592e84e70dcea379cad6</email>
              <email type="domain">chu-st-etienne.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">verhoevenpo</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1452484</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2092857-1452484</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4352-1263</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/169465934</idno>
              <idno type="RESEARCHERID">http://www.researcherid.com/rid/ABQ-7251-2022</idno>
              <idno type="RESEARCHERID">http://www.researcherid.com/rid/http://www.researcherid.com/rid/ABQ-7251-2022</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1066708"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-222995"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-51335"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1074293"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-300284"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1220802"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Omran</forename>
                <surname>Allatif</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">5f29af27b239f53505c3889c20718128</email>
              <email type="domain">ens-lyon.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">omran-allatif</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">15068</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">29041-15068</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2539-972X</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/131297252</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-543554"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Philippe</forename>
                <surname>Berthelot</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">e114728cfb2757af8491a930cbbae931</email>
              <email type="domain">chu-st-etienne.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">philippe-berthelot</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1431134</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">411285-1431134</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/097414301</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9356-8081</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1066708"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Carole</forename>
                <surname>Pélissier</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">2219431-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-51335"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Guillaume</forename>
                <surname>Thiery</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1486044</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">370586-1486044</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8786-9061</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/263720616</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-51335"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Elisabeth</forename>
                <surname>Botelho-Nevers</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">20aa9a837b4f492feedebf4961bcdef3</email>
              <email type="domain">univ-st-etienne.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">ebotelhonevers</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1452409</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">1139306-1452409</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2773-7750</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/128018674</idno>
              <idno type="RESEARCHERID">http://www.researcherid.com/rid/H-2063-2019</idno>
              <idno type="RESEARCHERID">http://www.researcherid.com/rid/http://www.researcherid.com/rid/H-2063-2019</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1066708"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Guillaume</forename>
                <surname>Millet</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">ba57eac53d9cb4dad469320a631f8256</email>
              <email type="domain">univ-st-etienne.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">935682</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">659038-935682</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6395-0762</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/193061023</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-51335"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Jérôme</forename>
                <surname>Morel</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">840778-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-51335"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Stéphane</forename>
                <surname>Paul</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">42f692eef042751b7533e258797cd86b</email>
              <email type="domain">chu-st-etienne.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">stephane-paul</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1047436</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">525881-1047436</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8830-4273</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/070306079</idno>
              <idno type="VIAF">https://viaf.org/viaf/218249870</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1066708"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Thierry</forename>
                <surname>Walzer</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">174d38cb2773573da6f40b713ffefeb9</email>
              <email type="domain">inserm.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">thierry-walzer</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1038396</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">220902-1038396</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0857-8179</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/140356819</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1073350"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">François-Loïc</forename>
                <surname>Cosset</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">abae12577bcc89f0bf485714d938cdb2</email>
              <email type="domain">ens-lyon.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">francois-loic-cosset</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">746240</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2219416-746240</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8842-3726</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/11115104X</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-487618"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Thomas</forename>
                <surname>Bourlet</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">43c2b896b5b259a7d80fce156a6a7f93</email>
              <email type="domain">chu-st-etienne.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1112628</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">383385-1112628</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/074459554</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1066708"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Bruno</forename>
                <surname>Pozzetto</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">9202b88ba7e532ccced6fcf745dc9492</email>
              <email type="domain">univ-st-etienne.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">bruno-pozzetto</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1289529</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">372902-1289529</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2603-8467</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/058490574</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1066708"/>
            </author>
            <editor role="depositor">
              <persName>
                <forename>CIRI</forename>
                <surname>Référent HAL</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">0a2eab8ec43a8dc5032807b85b950bdd</email>
              <email type="domain">inserm.fr</email>
            </editor>
            <funder ref="#projanr-55184"/>
            <funder ref="#projanr-23900"/>
          </titleStmt>
          <editionStmt>
            <edition n="v1" type="current">
              <date type="whenSubmitted">2021-06-01 10:37:21</date>
              <date type="whenModified">2026-04-28 09:18:03</date>
              <date type="whenReleased">2021-06-01 10:47:22</date>
              <date type="whenProduced">2021</date>
              <date type="whenEndEmbargoed">2021-06-01</date>
              <ref type="file" target="https://hal.science/hal-03244286v1/document">
                <date notBefore="2021-06-01"/>
              </ref>
              <ref type="file" subtype="publisherPaid" n="1" target="https://hal.science/hal-03244286v1/file/FLCosset%2006012021.pdf" id="file-3244286-2848133">
                <date notBefore="2021-06-01"/>
              </ref>
              <ref type="externalLink" target="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41423-020-00588-2.pdf"/>
            </edition>
            <respStmt>
              <resp>contributor</resp>
              <name key="1022196">
                <persName>
                  <forename>CIRI</forename>
                  <surname>Référent HAL</surname>
                </persName>
                <email type="md5">0a2eab8ec43a8dc5032807b85b950bdd</email>
                <email type="domain">inserm.fr</email>
              </name>
            </respStmt>
          </editionStmt>
          <publicationStmt>
            <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
            <idno type="halId">hal-03244286</idno>
            <idno type="halUri">https://hal.science/hal-03244286</idno>
            <idno type="halBibtex">legros:hal-03244286</idno>
            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Cellular and molecular immunology&lt;/i&gt;, 2021, 18 (2), pp.318-327. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41423-020-00588-2"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.1038/s41423-020-00588-2&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
            <idno type="halRef">Cellular and molecular immunology, 2021, 18 (2), pp.318-327. &amp;#x27E8;10.1038/s41423-020-00588-2&amp;#x27E9;</idno>
            <availability status="restricted">
              <licence target="https://about.hal.science/hal-authorisation-v1/">HAL Authorization<ref corresp="#file-3244286-2848133"/></licence>
            </availability>
          </publicationStmt>
          <seriesStmt>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INSERM">INSERM - Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-ST-ETIENNE">Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ENS-LYON">École Normale Supérieure de Lyon</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CNRS">CNRS - Centre national de la recherche scientifique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-LYON1">Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CIRI" corresp="UNIV-LYON1">Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="VETAGRO-SUP">VETAGRO-SUP</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="VETAGRO-CIRI" corresp="VETAGRO-SUP">VETAGRO-CIRI</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UDL">UDL</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-LYON">Université de Lyon</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ANR">ANR</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CIRI-BIBS" corresp="CIRI">CIRI - BioInformatique et BioStatistiques</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CIRI-T-WALZER-LYACTS" corresp="CIRI">CIRI - Activation et transduction du signal dans les lymphocytes</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CIRI-S-PAUL-GIMAP" corresp="CIRI">CIRI - Physiopathologie et biothérapies des infections muqueuses</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CIRI-F-L-COSSET-EVIR" corresp="CIRI">CIRI - Virus enveloppés, Vecteurs, et Immunotherapie</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="FRM">Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale</idno>
          </seriesStmt>
          <notesStmt>
            <note type="audience" n="2">International</note>
            <note type="popular" n="0">No</note>
            <note type="peer" n="1">Yes</note>
          </notesStmt>
          <sourceDesc>
            <biblStruct>
              <analytic>
                <title xml:lang="en">A longitudinal study of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients reveals a high correlation between neutralizing antibodies and COVID-19 severity</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Vincent</forename>
                    <surname>Legros</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">da7f0021604bc2c73477cf693a537d71</email>
                  <email type="domain">ens-lyon.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">vincent-legros</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1086650</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">711533-1086650</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6118-7564</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-222995"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Solène</forename>
                    <surname>Denolly</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">1a0bb39bb86575cb60e358ce93bbb1e9</email>
                  <email type="domain">ens-lyon.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1100514</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">1099092-1100514</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1739-0079</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/231345097</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-487618"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Manon</forename>
                    <surname>Vogrig</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">2219429-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-51335"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Bertrand</forename>
                    <surname>Boson</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">ab40e64c8bacabd1d2574bfb31d1e95b</email>
                  <email type="domain">ens-lyon.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">bertrand-boson</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1100513</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">167344-1100513</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1920-5172</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-222995"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Eglantine</forename>
                    <surname>Siret</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">2089777-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-222995"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Josselin</forename>
                    <surname>Rigaill</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">2219430-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-51335"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Sylvie</forename>
                    <surname>Pillet</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">484311-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1066708"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Florence</forename>
                    <surname>Grattard</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1391057</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">447572-1391057</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5566-5187</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/203616421</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1066708"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Sylvie</forename>
                    <surname>Gonzalo</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">1212561-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-51335"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Paul</forename>
                    <surname>Verhoeven</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">f7ddc3758cd5592e84e70dcea379cad6</email>
                  <email type="domain">chu-st-etienne.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">verhoevenpo</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1452484</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2092857-1452484</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4352-1263</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/169465934</idno>
                  <idno type="RESEARCHERID">http://www.researcherid.com/rid/ABQ-7251-2022</idno>
                  <idno type="RESEARCHERID">http://www.researcherid.com/rid/http://www.researcherid.com/rid/ABQ-7251-2022</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1066708"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-222995"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-51335"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1074293"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-300284"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1220802"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Omran</forename>
                    <surname>Allatif</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">5f29af27b239f53505c3889c20718128</email>
                  <email type="domain">ens-lyon.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">omran-allatif</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">15068</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">29041-15068</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2539-972X</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/131297252</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-543554"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Philippe</forename>
                    <surname>Berthelot</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">e114728cfb2757af8491a930cbbae931</email>
                  <email type="domain">chu-st-etienne.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">philippe-berthelot</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1431134</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">411285-1431134</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/097414301</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9356-8081</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1066708"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Carole</forename>
                    <surname>Pélissier</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">2219431-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-51335"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Guillaume</forename>
                    <surname>Thiery</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1486044</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">370586-1486044</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8786-9061</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/263720616</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-51335"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Elisabeth</forename>
                    <surname>Botelho-Nevers</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">20aa9a837b4f492feedebf4961bcdef3</email>
                  <email type="domain">univ-st-etienne.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">ebotelhonevers</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1452409</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">1139306-1452409</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2773-7750</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/128018674</idno>
                  <idno type="RESEARCHERID">http://www.researcherid.com/rid/H-2063-2019</idno>
                  <idno type="RESEARCHERID">http://www.researcherid.com/rid/http://www.researcherid.com/rid/H-2063-2019</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1066708"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Guillaume</forename>
                    <surname>Millet</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">ba57eac53d9cb4dad469320a631f8256</email>
                  <email type="domain">univ-st-etienne.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">935682</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">659038-935682</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6395-0762</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/193061023</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-51335"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Jérôme</forename>
                    <surname>Morel</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">840778-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-51335"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Stéphane</forename>
                    <surname>Paul</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">42f692eef042751b7533e258797cd86b</email>
                  <email type="domain">chu-st-etienne.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">stephane-paul</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1047436</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">525881-1047436</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8830-4273</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/070306079</idno>
                  <idno type="VIAF">https://viaf.org/viaf/218249870</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1066708"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Thierry</forename>
                    <surname>Walzer</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">174d38cb2773573da6f40b713ffefeb9</email>
                  <email type="domain">inserm.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">thierry-walzer</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1038396</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">220902-1038396</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0857-8179</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/140356819</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1073350"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">François-Loïc</forename>
                    <surname>Cosset</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">abae12577bcc89f0bf485714d938cdb2</email>
                  <email type="domain">ens-lyon.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">francois-loic-cosset</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">746240</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2219416-746240</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8842-3726</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/11115104X</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-487618"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Thomas</forename>
                    <surname>Bourlet</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">43c2b896b5b259a7d80fce156a6a7f93</email>
                  <email type="domain">chu-st-etienne.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1112628</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">383385-1112628</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/074459554</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1066708"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Bruno</forename>
                    <surname>Pozzetto</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">9202b88ba7e532ccced6fcf745dc9492</email>
                  <email type="domain">univ-st-etienne.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">bruno-pozzetto</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1289529</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">372902-1289529</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2603-8467</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/058490574</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1066708"/>
                </author>
              </analytic>
              <monogr>
                <idno type="halJournalId" status="VALID">25065</idno>
                <idno type="issn">1672-7681</idno>
                <idno type="eissn">2042-0226</idno>
                <title level="j">Cellular and molecular immunology</title>
                <imprint>
                  <publisher>Nature Publishing Group/Chinese Society of Immunology</publisher>
                  <biblScope unit="volume">18</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="pp">318-327</biblScope>
                  <date type="datePub">2021</date>
                </imprint>
              </monogr>
              <idno type="doi">10.1038/s41423-020-00588-2</idno>
              <idno type="pubmed">33408342</idno>
            </biblStruct>
          </sourceDesc>
          <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
              <language ident="en">English</language>
            </langUsage>
            <textClass>
              <keywords scheme="author">
                <term xml:lang="en">Antibody</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Pathogenesis</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Humoral response</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">COVID-19</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">SARS-CoV-2</term>
              </keywords>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="sdv.imm.ia">Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunology</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="sdv.mhep.me">Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="sdv.mhep.mi">Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halOldTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTreeTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
            </textClass>
            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>Understanding the immune responses elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection is critical in terms of protection against reinfection and, thus, for public health policy and vaccine development for COVID-19. In this study, using either live SARS-CoV-2 particles or retroviruses pseudotyped with the SARS-CoV-2 S viral surface protein (Spike), we studied the neutralizing antibody (nAb) response in serum samples from a cohort of 140 SARS-CoV-2 qPCR-confirmed infections, including patients with mild symptoms and also more severe forms, including those that required intensive care. We show that nAb titers correlated strongly with disease severity and with anti-spike IgG levels. Indeed, patients from intensive care units exhibited high nAb titers; conversely, patients with milder disease symptoms had heterogeneous nAb titers, and asymptomatic or exclusive outpatient-care patients had no or low nAbs. We found that nAb activity in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients displayed a relatively rapid decline after recovery compared to individuals infected with other coronaviruses. Moreover, we found an absence of cross-neutralization between endemic coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2, indicating that previous infection by human coronaviruses may not generate protective nAbs against SARS-CoV-2. Finally, we found that the D614G mutation in the spike protein, which has recently been identified as the current major variant in Europe, does not allow neutralization escape. Altogether, our results contribute to our understanding of the immune correlates of SARS-CoV-2-induced disease, and rapid evaluation of the role of the humoral response in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 is warranted.</p>
            </abstract>
          </profileDesc>
        </biblFull>
      </listBibl>
    </body>
    <back>
      <listOrg type="structures">
        <org type="regrouplaboratory" xml:id="struct-222995" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">17825696X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000404506033</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">201320572J</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/059sz6q14</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q30261449</idno>
          <orgName>Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CIRI</orgName>
          <date type="start">2013-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>21 avenue Tony Garnier 69365 Lyon Cedex 07</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://ciri.inserm.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-6818" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-301088" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-194495" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300284" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-1327915" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="U1111" active="#struct-303623" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR5308" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="researchteam" xml:id="struct-487618" status="VALID">
          <orgName>Virus enveloppés, vecteurs et immunothérapie – Enveloped viruses, Vectors and Immuno-therapy [CIRI]</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CIRI-EVIR</orgName>
          <date type="start">2013-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>CIRI, ENS Lyon46 allée d’Italie69364 Lyon Cedex 07France</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://ciri.ens-lyon.fr/teams/evir</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-222995" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-6818" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-301088" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-194495" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300284" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-1327915" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="U1111" active="#struct-303623" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="UMR5308" active="#struct-441569" type="indirect"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-51335" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">250789094</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/04pn6vp43</idno>
          <orgName>Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne [CHU Saint-Etienne]</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CHU ST-E</orgName>
          <date type="start">1972-10-30</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>42055 Saint Etienne cedex 2</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.chu-st-etienne.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-1327915" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="researchteam" xml:id="struct-1066708" status="VALID">
          <orgName>Physiopathologie et biothérapies des infections muqueuses [CIRI]</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CIRI-GIMAP</orgName>
          <date type="start">2021-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://ciri.ens-lyon.fr/teams/gimap</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-222995" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-6818" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-301088" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-194495" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300284" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-1327915" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="U1111" active="#struct-303623" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="UMR5308" active="#struct-441569" type="indirect"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-1074293" status="VALID">
          <orgName>Service des Agents Infectieux et Hygiène [CHU Saint-Etienne]</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>CHU de Saint-Etienne - Hôpital Nord, Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Avenue Albert Raimond, 42270 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-51335" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-1327915" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300284" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300284" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">028209966</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000 0001 2158 1682</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/04yznqr36</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q623154</idno>
          <orgName>Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UJM</orgName>
          <date type="start">1969-03-27</date>
          <date type="end">2025-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>10, Rue Tréfilerie – CS 8230142023 Saint-Étienne Cedex 2</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.univ-st-etienne.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-1327915" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="regrouplaboratory" xml:id="struct-1220802" status="VALID">
          <orgName>Université Jean Monnet - Faculté de Médecine Jacques Lisfranc</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UJM MED</orgName>
          <date type="start">1969-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Campus Santé - 10, rue de la Marandière 42270 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://medecine.univ-st-etienne.fr/fr/index.html</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-300284" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-1327915" type="indirect"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="researchteam" xml:id="struct-543554" status="VALID">
          <orgName>BioInformatique et BioStatistiques [CIRI]</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CIRI-BIBS</orgName>
          <date type="start">2013-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>CIRI46 Allée d’Italie69364 Lyon Cedex 07France</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://ciri.inserm.fr</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-222995" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-6818" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-301088" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-194495" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300284" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-1327915" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="U1111" active="#struct-303623" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="UMR5308" active="#struct-441569" type="indirect"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="researchteam" xml:id="struct-1073350" status="VALID">
          <orgName>Activation et transduction du signal dans les lymphocytes - Lymphocyte activation and signaling [CIRI]</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CIRI-LYACTS</orgName>
          <date type="start">2021-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://ciri.ens-lyon.fr/teams/lyacts</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-222995" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-6818" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-301088" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-194495" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300284" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-1327915" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="U1111" active="#struct-303623" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="UMR5308" active="#struct-441569" type="indirect"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-6818" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">149154992</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000123319856</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/04zmssz18</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q10159</idno>
          <orgName>École normale supérieure de Lyon</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">ENS de Lyon</orgName>
          <date type="start">2010-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>15 parvis René Descartes - BP 7000 - 69342 Lyon Cedex 07</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.ens-lyon.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-301088" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-301088" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/01rk35k63</idno>
          <orgName>Université de Lyon</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>92 rue Pasteur - CS 30122, 69361 Lyon Cedex 07</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.universite-lyon.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-194495" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026402823</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000121686185</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/029brtt94</idno>
          <orgName>Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UCBL</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>43, boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.univ-lyon1.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-301088" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-1327915" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">285395831</idno>
          <orgName>Université Jean Monnet (EPSCPE)</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UJM EPE</orgName>
          <date type="start">2025-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>10 rue Tréfilerie42100 Saint-Etienne</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.univ-st-etienne.fr/fr/index.html</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-303623" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026388278</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02vjkv261</idno>
          <orgName>Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">INSERM</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>101, rue de Tolbiac, 75013 Paris</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.inserm.fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02feahw73</idno>
          <orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
      <listOrg type="projects">
        <org type="anrProject" xml:id="projanr-55184" status="VALID">
          <idno type="anr">ANR-21-COVR-0012</idno>
          <orgName>CORAR</orgName>
          <desc>Récupération des anosmies post COVID-19</desc>
          <date type="start">2021</date>
        </org>
        <org type="anrProject" xml:id="projanr-23900" status="VALID">
          <idno type="anr">ANR-11-LABX-0048</idno>
          <orgName>ECOFECT</orgName>
          <desc>Dynamiques eco-évolutives des maladies infectieuses</desc>
          <date type="start">2011</date>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>