Physical principles of CEUS and sonoporation
Résumé
Ultrasonic imaging is becoming the most popular medical imaging modality, owing to the low price per examination and its safety. A B-mode ultrasound scan shows contrasted regions from transitions in acoustic impedance, i.e., transitions in tissue type, in the form of brighter pixels. However, blood is a poor scatterer of ultrasound waves at clinical diagnostic transmit frequencies, which lie between 1 and 40 MHz. For perfusion imaging, markers have been designed to enhance the contrast in B-mode imaging. These so-called ultrasound contrast agents consist of microscopically small gas bubbles encapsulated by biodegradable shells. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) represents a significant advancement in the evaluation of angiogenesis in digestive cancers. Particularly, for the study of focal liver lesions, CEUS has been widely used for detection and characterisation of malignancy. The unique feature of CEUS of non-invasive assessment in real-time liver perfusion throughout the vascular phases has led to a great improvement in diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound, but also in guidance and evaluation of responses to therapy. Currently, CEUS is part of the state-of-the-art diagnostic work-up of focal liver lesions, resulting in safe and cost-effective patient management.
In this presentation, the physical principles of ultrasound contrast agent microbubble behaviour and their adjustment for drug delivery including sonoporation are described. Furthermore, an outline of clinical imaging applications of CEUS is given.
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Origine : Fichiers produits par l'(les) auteur(s)