<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:hal="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/" xmlns:gmlce="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/ce" version="1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 http://api.archives-ouvertes.fr/documents/aofr-sword.xsd">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>HAL TEI export of hal-03198815</title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
        <availability status="restricted">
          <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 - Universal</licence>
        </availability>
        <date when="2026-05-26T01:00:30+02:00"/>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p part="N">HAL API Platform</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblFull>
          <titleStmt>
            <title xml:lang="en">Permeation of probe molecules into alginate microbeads: effect of salt and processing</title>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Pauline</forename>
                <surname>van Leusden</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">2186282-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-356395"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Gertjan J. M.</forename>
                <surname>den Hartog</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">2191113-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-83832"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Aalt</forename>
                <surname>Bast</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">460951-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-83832"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Michiel</forename>
                <surname>Postema</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">fc079f7dc8ccf9ec6e853de4d9932956</email>
              <email type="domain">univ-tours.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">michiel-postema</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">745599</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">53346-745599</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5887-1739</idno>
              <idno type="GOOGLE SCHOLAR">https://scholar.google.nl/citations?user=T4Spjz4AAAAJ&amp;hl=en</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/254925359</idno>
              <idno type="ARXIV">https://arxiv.org/a/postema_m_1</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-211923"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-53727"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-12196"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Erik</forename>
                <surname>van Der Linden</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">766507-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-356395"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Leonard M. C.</forename>
                <surname>Sagis</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">2189472-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-356395"/>
            </author>
            <editor role="depositor">
              <persName>
                <forename>Michiel</forename>
                <surname>Postema</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">fc079f7dc8ccf9ec6e853de4d9932956</email>
              <email type="domain">univ-tours.fr</email>
            </editor>
            <funder ref="#projeurop-172615"/>
            <funder>Graduate School VLAG, of Wageningen University</funder>
          </titleStmt>
          <editionStmt>
            <edition n="v1" type="current">
              <date type="whenSubmitted">2021-04-15 10:36:07</date>
              <date type="whenModified">2026-02-24 03:01:08</date>
              <date type="whenReleased">2021-04-15 10:48:26</date>
              <date type="whenProduced">2017</date>
              <date type="whenEndEmbargoed">2021-04-15</date>
              <ref type="file" target="https://hal.science/hal-03198815v1/document">
                <date notBefore="2021-04-15"/>
              </ref>
              <ref type="file" subtype="author" n="1" target="https://hal.science/hal-03198815v1/file/5Permeation.pdf" id="file-3198818-2808026">
                <date notBefore="2021-04-15"/>
              </ref>
              <ref type="externalLink" target="https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02498702/file/%235%20Permeation%20of%20probe%20molecules%20into%20alginate%20microbeads%20Effect%20of%20salt%20and%20processing.pdf"/>
            </edition>
            <respStmt>
              <resp>contributor</resp>
              <name key="1016966">
                <persName>
                  <forename>Michiel</forename>
                  <surname>Postema</surname>
                </persName>
                <email type="md5">fc079f7dc8ccf9ec6e853de4d9932956</email>
                <email type="domain">univ-tours.fr</email>
              </name>
            </respStmt>
          </editionStmt>
          <publicationStmt>
            <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
            <idno type="halId">hal-03198815</idno>
            <idno type="halUri">https://hal.science/hal-03198815</idno>
            <idno type="halBibtex">vanleusden:hal-03198815</idno>
            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Food Hydrocolloids&lt;/i&gt;, 2017, 73, pp.255-261. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.06.028"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.06.028&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
            <idno type="halRef">Food Hydrocolloids, 2017, 73, pp.255-261. &amp;#x27E8;10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.06.028&amp;#x27E9;</idno>
            <availability status="restricted">
              <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 - Attribution - Non-commercial use - No Derivative Works<ref corresp="#file-3198818-2808026"/></licence>
            </availability>
          </publicationStmt>
          <seriesStmt>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INSERM">INSERM - Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="IRD">IRD - Institut de recherche pour le développement</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CEA">CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-TOURS">Université François Rabelais</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CNRS">CNRS - Centre national de la recherche scientifique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="IRSTEA">IRSTEA - Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (&lt;b&gt;anciennement Cemagref&lt;/b&gt;)</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INRA">INRA - Institut national de la recherche agronomique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="OPENAIRE">OpenAIRE</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="AGREENIUM">Archive ouverte en agrobiosciences</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INRAE">Institut National de Recherche en Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="IBRAIN">Imaging Brain &amp; Neuropsychiatry</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="LESTUDIUM">LE STUDIUM Loire Valley Institute for Advanced Studies</idno>
          </seriesStmt>
          <notesStmt>
            <note type="audience" n="2">International</note>
            <note type="popular" n="0">No</note>
            <note type="peer" n="1">Yes</note>
          </notesStmt>
          <sourceDesc>
            <biblStruct>
              <analytic>
                <title xml:lang="en">Permeation of probe molecules into alginate microbeads: effect of salt and processing</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Pauline</forename>
                    <surname>van Leusden</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">2186282-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-356395"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Gertjan J. M.</forename>
                    <surname>den Hartog</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">2191113-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-83832"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Aalt</forename>
                    <surname>Bast</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">460951-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-83832"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Michiel</forename>
                    <surname>Postema</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">fc079f7dc8ccf9ec6e853de4d9932956</email>
                  <email type="domain">univ-tours.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">michiel-postema</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">745599</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">53346-745599</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5887-1739</idno>
                  <idno type="GOOGLE SCHOLAR">https://scholar.google.nl/citations?user=T4Spjz4AAAAJ&amp;hl=en</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/254925359</idno>
                  <idno type="ARXIV">https://arxiv.org/a/postema_m_1</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-211923"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-53727"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-12196"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Erik</forename>
                    <surname>van Der Linden</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">766507-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-356395"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Leonard M. C.</forename>
                    <surname>Sagis</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">2189472-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-356395"/>
                </author>
              </analytic>
              <monogr>
                <idno type="halJournalId" status="VALID">13405</idno>
                <idno type="issn">0268-005X</idno>
                <idno type="eissn">1873-7137</idno>
                <title level="j">Food Hydrocolloids</title>
                <imprint>
                  <publisher>Elsevier</publisher>
                  <biblScope unit="volume">73</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="pp">255-261</biblScope>
                  <date type="datePub">2017</date>
                </imprint>
              </monogr>
              <idno type="doi">10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.06.028</idno>
              <relatedItem target="https://hal.science/hal-02498702v1" type="IsVersionOf" subtype="http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501">contains full author names and corrected affiliations</relatedItem>
            </biblStruct>
          </sourceDesc>
          <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
              <language ident="en">English</language>
            </langUsage>
            <textClass>
              <keywords scheme="author">
                <term xml:lang="en">Salt concentration</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Alginate beads</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Debye length</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Microbeads</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Permeability</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">permeability</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">microbeads</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">salt concentration</term>
              </keywords>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="chim.poly">Chemical Sciences/Polymers</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="sdv.ida">Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="sdv.sp.pg">Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Galenic pharmacology</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halOldTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTreeTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
            </textClass>
            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>The ability to exclude harmful factors from a hydrogel microbead is important for the degree of protection the beads offers to what is encapsulated within. The permeability of alginate microbeads, prepared by water-in-oil emulsification, was investigated by their ability to exclude FITC-labelled protein probes. The influence of alginate concentration, calcium concentration and method of addition, and salt content of the environment was investigated. The permeability was also compared to the permeability of beads made by the traditional method of dripping an alginate solution into a CaCl2 solution. Beads produced with low amounts of CaCl2 show a significant degree of swelling and are therefore very permeable (C/C0 (BSA) = 0.62, where C is the final concentration of BSA-FITC in the bead, and C0 the concentration of BSA-FITC in the continuous phase). With additional calcium, either by adding more calcium crystals after the emulsification step or by washing with a CaCl2 solution, beads swell less and are less permeable (C/C0 (BSA) = 0.13 and 0.12). Beads made by dripping are very permeable (C/C0 (BSA) ∼ 0.60). Because in this process the droplets of alginate are not constrained by a water-oil boundary, the beads can swell during gelation. The salt concentration in the continuous phase influences the strength of the electrostatic repulsion between the probes and the alginate network and hence affects the permeation of the probes into the beads. In the absence of salt, even FITC (389Da) is mostly excluded from the interior of the beads (C/C0 (FITC) ∼ 0.09).</p>
            </abstract>
          </profileDesc>
        </biblFull>
      </listBibl>
    </body>
    <back>
      <listOrg type="structures">
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-356395" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/04qw24q55</idno>
          <orgName>Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen]</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">WUR</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB Wageningen</addrLine>
              <country key="NL"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.wageningenur.nl/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-83832" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02jz4aj89</idno>
          <orgName>Maastricht University [Maastricht]</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Universiteitssingel 40;6200 MD Maastricht</addrLine>
              <country key="NL"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.maastrichtuniversity.nl/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-211923" status="OLD">
          <orgName>LE STUDIUM Loire Valley Institute for Advanced Studies</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">LE STUDIUM</orgName>
          <date type="start">1996-01-01</date>
          <date type="end">2019-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Hôtel Dupanloup | 1, rue Dupanloup | 45000 Orléans - FRANCE</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-92114" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300005" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300016" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-303623" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-355920" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-53727" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">228879965</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">201220230S</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/01eem7c55</idno>
          <orgName>Imaging, Brain &amp; Neuropsychiatry</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">iBraiN</orgName>
          <date type="start">1988-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>10 Bd TonnelléBât. Thérèse Planiol37032 Tours Cedex 1</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://ibrain.univ-tours.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation name="UMR U1253" active="#struct-300298" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR U1253" active="#struct-303623" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-12196" status="VALID">
          <orgName>University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg]</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">WITS</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Private Bag 3 2050 WITS Johannesburg, South Africa</addrLine>
              <country key="ZA"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://web.wits.ac.za/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-92114" status="OLD">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/01x3gbx83</idno>
          <orgName>Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">INRA</orgName>
          <date type="start">1946-05-18</date>
          <date type="end">2019-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.inra.fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300005" status="OLD">
          <orgName>Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CEMAGREF</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300016" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026372061</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000122998025</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/00jjx8s55</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q868550</idno>
          <orgName>Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CEA</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Centre de SaclayCentre de GrenobleCentre de Cadaracheetc</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.cea.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-303623" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026388278</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02vjkv261</idno>
          <orgName>Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">INSERM</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>101, rue de Tolbiac, 75013 Paris</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.inserm.fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-355920" status="INCOMING">
          <orgName>Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02feahw73</idno>
          <orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300298" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026404478</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000121608742</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02wwzvj46</idno>
          <orgName>Université de Tours</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UT</orgName>
          <date type="start">1970-12-17</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>60 rue du Plat d'Étain, 37020 Tours cedex 1</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.univ-tours.fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
      <listOrg type="projects">
        <org type="europeanProject" xml:id="projeurop-172615" status="VALID">
          <idno type="number">665790</idno>
          <idno type="program">H2020-MSCA-COFUND-2014</idno>
          <idno type="call">H2020-MSCA-COFUND-2014</idno>
          <orgName>SMART LOIRE VALLEY</orgName>
          <desc>SMART LOIRE VALLEY: Curiosity, Imagination and Intuition</desc>
          <date type="start">2015-11-01</date>
          <date type="end">2021-10-31</date>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>