Nucleation threshold of carbon black ultrasound contrast agent
Résumé
Most ultrasound contrast agents used in ultrasonic imaging comprise shell-encapsulated microbubbles, whose ingredients have been associated with adverse bioeffects. In this study, we investigated the nucleation behaviour of carbon black dispersion, whose hydrophobic nanoparticles are used intradermally. For a hypothetical, perfectly spherical carbon black particle surrounded by a perfectly spherical gaseous void, we derived a theoretical nucleation threshold of only 1.3× the resting radius. Carbon black particles and aggregates thereof were investigated using high-speed photography during 1.0 MHz sonication. The nucleation threshold found experimentally is lower than the Blake cavitation threshold of 2.0× the resting radius of free, unencapsulated microbubbles. Therefore, carbon black dispersion may be a promising ultrasound contrast agent.
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Carlson+et+al_2021_Jpn._J._Appl._Phys._10.35848_1347-4065_abef0f.pdf (793.02 Ko)
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