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Communication Dans Un Congrès Année : 2021

Decarbonizing with hydrogen and precautionary regulating: what energy sciences and policy & law studies have to say in common

Résumé

Hydrogen can play a crucial role in the transition to a new global sustainable energy regime as its conversion to energy is a clean process generating only water. This is possible if clean hydrogen generation technologies can be combined with the precautionary principle to minimize the potential risks posed by the massive use of hydrogen, especially by the general public. Hydrogen is a very different species from all other fuels for its energetic and other physical properties. This study is an effort to explore the delicate balance between desires for a rapid advent of hydrogen energy technologies whilst keeping the highest safety level for the users.In the very last years, The European Commission and several member states launched their hydrogen strategies and announced several billions level investments for the coming years, in harmony with the EU zero net carbon emissions target for 2050. In parallel, there are several actions to harmonize the differences in the regulation regimes between Member States, for example for the allowed hydrogen blending rate into the natural gas network, which today varies from “zero” to 10% in volume. This multiple standard regime for the gas quality calls for in depth analysis of the realistic scenarios, by taking into account the precautionary regulation principle. The decarbonization potential of hydrogen concerns almost all the economic spheres from industry, transport, services and household activities. Globally, one may think of two decarbonizing paths using hydrogen. One is to decarbonize hydrogen-intensive sectors, such as refineries, petro-chemical industries, fertilizer and flat glass industries. This means that the hydrogen used by such industries should go “green”. The second path is to introduce hydrogen in carbon-intensive sectors, such as iron&steel, cement, transport and industrial and household heating. As an energy carrier, hydrogen should be generated, transported, stored and converted into various forms of useful energy. Each of these segments has its own precautionary regulation needs. This work addresses two of the above sectors, namely (i) hydrogen injection into the natural gas network for household applications and (ii) substituting hydrogen to fossil fuels in cement kilns. Based on available data on home appliance populations, low (20% H2 allowed in a given Regulated Wobbe Index natural gas) and high (5%) precautionary levels are tested in terms of their impact on CO2 reductions in the residential sector in representative EU countries. The low precautionary level regulation has also a drawback as it will induce a loss of thermal input with increasing H2 blending rate for a fixed Wobbe Index natural gas. Concerning the substitution of fossil fuels in cement kilns, the regulations should deal with the hydrogen generation cost issue, the CO2 price, the induced CO2 emission reductions and the centralized or decentralized (in situ) hydrogen generation issues. Regulations with low and high precautionary levels (based on imposing full or partial in situ hydrogen generation in the cement plant) are tested using data from the Turkish cement sector as Turkey is the largest cement producer country in Europe
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Dates et versions

hal-03192621 , version 1 (08-04-2021)

Identifiants

  • HAL Id : hal-03192621 , version 1

Citer

Ayse Sehnaz Kart, Iskender Gökalp. Decarbonizing with hydrogen and precautionary regulating: what energy sciences and policy & law studies have to say in common. 10th EUROPEAN COMBUSTION MEETING, Apr 2021, Naples (virtual), Italy. ⟨hal-03192621⟩
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