Potential of Ammonia as future Zero-Carbon fuel for future mobility: Working operating limits for Spark-Ignition engines
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to provide new data about the possibility to consider ammonia as a zero carbon fuel for spark-ignition engine. For that a current GDI PSA engine was chosen in order to update the results available in the literature mainly obtained with CFR engine. Particular attention was paid to the possible low limit load by using pure ammonia, or with a small amount of hydrogen, depending on engine speed, in order to highlight the limitation during cold start conditions. It can be concluded that these conditions require H2 addition, but 10% (of the total fuel volume) is sufficient. Measurements of exhaust pollutants and in particular, NOx led to an assessment of the effect of dilution and the limitation with pure ammonia fuel in turbocharged like conditions: for these conditions, no more than 10% of EGR allows stable working operation but can reduce NOx by up to 40%.
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