Article Dans Une Revue Comptes Rendus. Biologies Année : 2020

The domestication of Penicillium cheese fungi- La domestication des champignons Penicillium du fromage

Comptes Rendus Biologies

Jeanne Ropars
Thibault Caron
Ying-Chu Lo
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Bastien Bennetot
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Résumé

model for studying adaptation since Charles Darwin. Here we review recent studies on the genomics of adaptation and domestication syndrome in two cheese-making fungal lineages, Penicilliumroqueforti used for maturing blue cheeses, and the Penicilliumcamemberti species complex used for making soft cheeses such as Camembert and Brie. Comparative genomics have revealed horizontal gene transfers involved in convergent adaptation to cheese. Population genomics have identified differentiated populations with contrasted traits, several populations having independently been domesticated for cheese making in both P. roqueforti and the Penicillium camemberti species complex, and having undergone bottlenecks. The different cheese populations have acquired traits beneficial for cheese making in comparison to non-cheese populations, regarding color, spore production, growth rates on cheese, salt tolerance, lipolysis, proteolysis, volatile compound or toxin production and/or competitive ability. The cheese populations also show degeneration for some unused functions such as decreased ability of sexual reproduction or of growth under harsh conditions. These recent findings have fundamental importance for our understanding of adaptation and have applied interest for strain improvement.

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hal-03184100 , version 1 (29-03-2021)

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Jeanne Ropars, Thibault Caron, Ying-Chu Lo, Bastien Bennetot, Tatiana E Giraud. Comptes Rendus Biologies. Comptes Rendus. Biologies, 2020, 343, pp.155-176. ⟨10.5802/crbiol.15⟩. ⟨hal-03184100⟩
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