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            <title xml:lang="en">Neutral alignment resulting from tibial vara and opposite femoral valgus is the main morphologic pattern in healthy middle-aged patients: an exploration of a 3D-CT database</title>
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            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy&lt;/i&gt;, 2021, 29 (3), pp.849-858. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00167-020-06030-4"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.1007/s00167-020-06030-4&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
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                <title xml:lang="en">Neutral alignment resulting from tibial vara and opposite femoral valgus is the main morphologic pattern in healthy middle-aged patients: an exploration of a 3D-CT database</title>
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                <title level="j">Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy</title>
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                <term xml:lang="en">CT</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">HTO concepts</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Phenotypes</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">JLCA</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">PPTA</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">LDFA</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">MPTA</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">HKA</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Alignment</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Native</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Knee</term>
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              <p>Purpose Given the goal of achieving optimal correction and alignment after knee arthroplasty or high tibial osteotomy, literature focusing on the inter-individual variability of the native knee, tibia and femur with regards to the coronal or sagit-tal alignment is lacking. The aim of this study was to analyse normal angular values in the healthy middle-aged population and determine differences of angular values according to inter-individual features. The first hypothesis was that common morphological patterns may be identified in the healthy middle-aged non-osteoarthritic population. The second hypothesis was that high inter-individual variability exists with regards to gender, ethnicity and alignment phenotype. Methods A CT scan-based modelling and analysis system was used to examine the lower limb of 758 normal healthy patients (390 men, 368 women; mean age 58.5 ± 16.4 years) with available data concerning angular values and retrieved from the SOMA database. The hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA), lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), posterior distal femoral angle (PDFA), posterior proximal tibial angle (PPTA) and non weight-bearing joint line convergence angle (nwJLCA) were then measured for each patient. Results were analysed for the entire cohort and based on gender, ethnicity and phenotype.</p>
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