On the 4th of September, 2019 Google’s subsidiary YouTube was fined $170 million by the US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) because they had been collecting data to target ads to children without parents’ consent. Citing the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) of 1998, FTC Chairman Joe Simons condemned this violation pointing to the FTC’s rule-making in 1999 intended to protect the “privacy” of children who surf the Internet. “Given this rule there is no excuse for YouTube’s violations of the law” he concluded (BBC News September 4, 2019). Although it is not the first violation of children’s privacy to be heard by the FTC, the size of the fine provides a reminder that that the ethical issues underwriting the protection of children in the digitally mediated market have not been diminished by the rapid expansion of children’s digital cultural industries. It has also highlighted the need to once again revisit the ethical frameworks applied by cultural industries for communicating with children. Indeed, the promotional mist that has shrouded the 21st Century growth in digital communication industries seems to now be lifting, exposing on-line children’s cultural industries to increasing scrutiny. Although the ethical issues underwriting child protection have been argued throughout the last 200 years, many working in children’s emerging cultural industries have been ignoring the ethical frameworks guiding the adult world’s interactions with children (CBS News August 25)...