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              <p>Life cycle assessment, combined with bioeconomic models, can be used to assess environmental impacts (EI) and profits of production systems. Such models were developed on an individual performance trait basis to quantify the main EI (global warming potential - GWP, terrestrial acidification potential - AP, freshwater eutrophication potential - EP, and land occupation - LO) and the profit for scenarios that combined different genetic levels for feed efficiency, as a principal mechanism to reduce costs and excretion, and multiobjective formulation diets. First, nutritional requirements were obtained for each genetic line separately. Then, diets were optimised for the nutritional objectives and a least-cost (LC), least-EI (LE) or combined LC and LE (joint) objective. Performance records for 57 pigs per line fed a unique conventional diet were used to calibrate the individual pig nutritional profiles and estimate line nutritional requirements. Next, individual performances in response to the optimized diets were simulated. With the experimental conventional diet, the more efficient line had 7% lower EI and better profit (P &lt;0.001) than the less efficient line. With the LE and joint diets, the EI advantage of the more efficient animals was reduced (by 4.91% and 4.29%, respectively), and the two lines had similar profit (P &gt; 0.05) with their joint diets. The approach that was developed mitigated, due to the constraints applied to the diet formulation, the innate genetic disadvantages of the less efficient pigs at the economic and environmental levels. These approaches can be used to orientate strategic choices at the selection and management levels for more sustainable pig production.</p>
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              <p>Combiner génétique et nutrition pour une optimisation économique et environnementale en production porcine Les impacts environnementaux (IE) et les résultats économiques des systèmes de production peuvent être évalués par des analyses de cycle de vie couplées à des modèles bioéconomiques. De tels modèles ont été développés à partir des performances individuelles de porcs, pour quantifier les IE (potentiel de changement climatique-CC, d'acidification des sols-AP, d'eutrophisation des eaux-EP, occupation des sols-OS), et le résultat économique de scénarios combinant des génétiques différentes pour l'efficacité alimentaire-levier majeur de réduction des coûts et de la production d'effluents, et des formulations multi-objectifs des aliments. Après définition des besoins nutritionnels spécifiques de chaque génétique, des aliments dédiés ont été formulés à moindre coût (MC), à moindre impact environnemental (ME, poids équilibrés pour les 4 catégories), ou combinant ces deux critères (MEC). Les données génétiques (2x57 porcs de lignées divergentes pour l'efficacité alimentaire, performances individuelles obtenues avec un aliment conventionnel) ont permis d'estimer les besoins nutritionnels par lignée, puis de simuler des performances individuelles en réponse aux aliments optimisés. Avec le régime conventionnel initial, la lignée plus efficace avait-7 % d'IE et un meilleur profit (P &lt; 0,001). Avec les aliments ME et MEC, l'avantage environnemental des animaux efficaces était réduit (4,91 % et 4,29 %), et l'aliment MEC permettait d'atteindre des profits similaires pour les deux lignées. Cette approche permet donc dans une certaine mesure de compenser, par l'ajustement sous contraintes des rations alimentaires, les désavantages génétiques des animaux les moins efficaces sur les plans économiques et environnementaux. Il est alors envisageable d'orienter des choix stratégiques de sélection et de conduite pour proposer une production porcine durable. Combining genetics and nutrition in economic and environmental optimization of pig production systems Life cycle assessment, combined with bioeconomic models, can be used to assess environmental impacts (EI) and profits of production systems. Such models were developed on an individual performance trait basis to quantify the main EI (global warming potential-GWP, terrestrial acidification potential-AP, freshwater eutrophication potential-EP, and land occupation-LO) and the profit for scenarios that combined different genetic levels for feed efficiency, as a principal mechanism to reduce costs and excretion, and multiobjective formulation diets. First, nutritional requirements were obtained for each genetic line separately. Then, diets were optimised for the nutritional objectives and a least-cost (LC), least-EI (LE) or combined LC and LE (joint) objective. Performance records for 57 pigs per line fed a unique conventional diet were used to calibrate the individual pig nutritional profiles and estimate line nutritional requirements. Next, individual performances in response to the optimized diets were simulated. With the experimental conventional diet, the more efficient line had 7% lower EI and better profit (P &lt;0.001) than the less efficient line. With the LE and joint diets, the EI advantage of the more efficient animals was reduced (by 4.91% and 4.29%, respectively), and the two lines had similar profit (P &gt; 0.05) with their joint diets. The approach that was developed mitigated, due to the constraints applied to the diet formulation, the innate genetic disadvantages of the less efficient pigs at the economic and environmental levels. These approaches can be used to orientate strategic choices at the selection and management levels for more sustainable pig production.</p>
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