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            <title xml:lang="en">Nonlinear Code-based Low-Overhead Fine-Grained Control Flow Checking</title>
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                <term xml:lang="en">Non-Linear Codes</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Control Flow Checking</term>
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              <p>A hardware-based control flow monitoring technique enables the detection of errors in both the control flow and the instruction stream executed on a processor. However, as shown in recent publications, these techniques fail to detect malicious carefully-tuned manipulations of the instruction stream in a basic block. This paper presents a non-linear encoder and checker that can cope with this weakness. It is a MAC based control flow checker that has the advantage of working with basic blocks of variable length, can detect every error, and performs the computation in real-time. The architecture can easily be modified to support different signature size and error masking probabilities.</p>
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