This chapter deals with pupils’ participation in French Secondary Schools. It presents the three models of citizenship currently mobilized to face school problems, like violence, and, at the same time, to build citizens. Then, it tries to analyse the implementation of the different tools used in Secondary schools and shows that pupils’ participation is rather difficult because of the discrepancy between being a pupil and being an active citizen. The analysis of pupils’ participation in schools clearly highlights that the way in which French public secondary schools define and implement citizenship and pupil participation introduces various misunderstandings concerning pursued goals and the degree of pupil participation. This situation questions the role of school in political socialization.