This article starts from the observation that the belief in history finds itself radically challenged in contemporary thought and representations, a condition which Fredric Jameson studied through the notion of postmodernity. The aim here is to show that Gramsci’s reflections are particularly valuable, in several respects, for the confrontation of the crisis of modern historicity. First, he conceives of history as a process of struggles, thus managing to grasp its inherent consistency, without denying its openness. Secondly, through the concepts he forges, notably that of hegemony, he analyses the different ways in which the representations of history express concrete historical situations, and in turn produce immanent effects in these situations. Finally, by understanding the link between the crisis of hegemony and the crisis of historicity, he manages to think the possibility for subalterns to regain and enact a specific sense of history.