Hyperbolic K-means for traffic-aware clustering in cloud and virtualized RANs - Archive ouverte HAL
Article Dans Une Revue Computer Communications Année : 2021

Hyperbolic K-means for traffic-aware clustering in cloud and virtualized RANs

Hanane Djeddal
Chi-Dung Phung
Stefano Secci

Résumé

As the internet and connected objects gain more and more in popularity, serving the ever-increasing data traffic becomes a challenge for the mobile operators. The traditional cellular radio access network (RAN), where each base station is co-located with its own processing unit and is responsible for a specific geographic area, has evolved first with the so-called Cloud RAN (C-RAN), and is currently undergoing further architectural evolution under the virtualized RAN (vRAN), Open RAN (O-RAN) and Software-Defined RAN (SD-RAN) architectures. In all these versions, the data processing units can be dynamically centralized into a pool and shared between several base stations, enlarging the geographical view for scheduling and resource allocation algorithms. For instance, resource utilisation is improved by avoiding resource idling during off-peak hours. C-RAN and vRAN gains depend strongly on the clustering scheme of radio units (RRHs and RUs). In this paper, we propose a novel radio clustering algorithm that takes into account both the traffic demand and the position of stations, by using the hyperbolic distance in 3dimensions. We introduce a modified K-means clustering algorithm, called Hyperbolic K-means, and show that this generates geographically compact RU clusters with traffic charge equally shared among them. Application of our algorithm on real-world mobile data traffic, collected from the cities of Nantes and Lille in France, shows an increase in resource utilisation by 25%, and a reduction in deployment cost by 15%, compared to the standard RAN. Furthermore, the performance of our Hyperbolic K-means algorithm is compared extensively against alternative C-RAN clustering proposals from the literature and is shown to outperform them, in resource utilisation as well as in cost reduction.
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Dates et versions

hal-03109662 , version 1 (13-01-2021)
hal-03109662 , version 2 (09-02-2021)
hal-03109662 , version 3 (13-07-2021)

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Hanane Djeddal, Liticia Touzari, Anastasios Giovanidis, Chi-Dung Phung, Stefano Secci. Hyperbolic K-means for traffic-aware clustering in cloud and virtualized RANs. Computer Communications, 2021, 176, pp.258-271. ⟨10.1016/j.comcom.2021.06.021⟩. ⟨hal-03109662v3⟩
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