Effect of ink formulation on the inkjet printing process of Al–ZnO nanoparticles
Résumé
This study focuses on the inkjet printing of aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) spherical and platelet nanoparticles-based nanoflakes with typical sizes rang- ing from 700 to 800 nm. The AZO nanoparticles were synthesized by aqueous precipitation. The preparation of the solvent-based inks was performed with the con- trol of the viscosity, ink stability and nanoparticle dis- persion. The results showed that the viscosity for nanopar- ticles dispersions is slightly changing (from 6.9 to 8.7 cPs) when the nanoparticles mass concentration increases from 1.8 to 10%.
In order to achieve thin films of AZO nanoparticles, we optimized the printing process by real-time monitor- ing of drop velocity with a stroboscopic camera. This technology involves direct patterning of a functional material by tiny MEMS-jets on a flexible and rigid sub- strate at specific locations. The lowest concentration of AZO nanoparticles corresponding to 1.8% enables printing during several times the nanoparticles disper- sions and the clogging of printhead nozzles is less pro- nounced. In our conditions, the optimum voltage value is 25 V to achieve a drop velocity from 7 to 9 m/s. In the case of nanospheres with 10% of AZO nanoparticles, for a large dropspace (90 μm), the individual printed droplets appear as a sequence of linear dots. When the drop spacing decreases down to 75 μm, isolated drops start to overlap and merge. Further decreasing in the drop spacing eliminates scalloping and leads finally to a regular and continuous layer at 55 μm.