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            <funder>This study was supported by the Conseil Régional Hauts-de-France (Concerted Research Actions of Regional Initiative ARCir 13 ABC FISH No. 13003283), the regional competitiveness centre AQUIMER (Boulogne-sur-Mer, France), the Programme Orientations Stratégiques of the University of Lille, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, the Institut Pasteur of Lille, the University Catholic of Lille, the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, the French Agency for Biodiversity and the Agglomeration Community of the City of La Rochelle. Y.S. was supported by a PhD fellowship from the Ministry of Science and Technology of Thailand (001/2555).</funder>
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                <term xml:lang="en">subtyping</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">transmission</term>
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                <term xml:lang="en">Blastocystis sp.</term>
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              <p>Blastocystis is frequently identified in humans and animal hosts and exhibits a large genetic diversity with the identification of 17 subtypes (STs). Despite its zoonotic potential, its prevalence and ST distribution in edible marine fish and marine mammals remain unknown. A large-scale survey was thus conducted by screening 345 fish caught in Atlantic Northeast and 29 marine mammals stranded on the coasts of northern France for the presence of the parasite using real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR. The prevalence of the parasite was about 3.5% in marine fish. These animals were mostly colonized by poikilotherm-derived isolates not identified in humans and corresponding to potential new STs, indicating that fish are natural hosts of Blastocystis. Marine fishes are also carriers of human STs and represent a likely limited source of zoonotic transmission. 13.8% of the marine mammals tested were colonized and 6 different STs were identified including 3 potential new STs. The risk of zoonotic transmission through marine mammals is insignificant due to the lack of repeated contact with humans. The present survey represents the first data regarding the prevalence and ST distribution of Blastocystis in marine fish and marine mammals and provides new insights into its genetic diversity, host range and transmission.</p>
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