Metasurface-based Total Internal Reflection Microscopy
Résumé
In recent years there has been a significant effort to develop dielectric metasurfaces for visible light applications allowing arbitrary wavefront manipulation using ultra-thin optical devices. In the context of bioimaging, one technique particularly suited for the study of molecules near a cell membrane is Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy(TIRFM), generally implemented using bulky high-NA, small field-of-view (FOV) oil objectives. We present the design, fabrication and experimental validation of metasurface-based TIRFM substrates consisting of periodic 2D arrays of asymmetric structures fabricated in TiO 2 on borosilicate glass. These metasurfaces have been measured to couple up to 70% of the transmitted light into the first diffraction order at 65°in glass achieving total internal reflection when reaching sample's aqueous media, eliminating the need for oil objectives or prisms, while having a direct transmission efficiency under 7% to minimize spurious fluorescence. This simple-to-use, large FOV technique provide unique TIRF capabilities not accessible by traditional methods, and was used to image immunostained 200µm-large bone marrow Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. We foresee these kind of metasurfaces becoming valuable tools to incorporate TIRFM's high contrast, low photodamage and low photobleaching capabilities to inexpensive wide-field microscopes.
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