Genomic History of Neolithic to Bronze Age Anatolia, Northern Levant, and Southern Caucasus
Résumé
Here, we report genome-wide data analyses from 110 ancient Near Eastern individuals spanning the Late
Neolithic to Late Bronze Age, a period characterized by intense interregional interactions for the Near
East. We find that 6th millennium BCE populations of North/Central Anatolia and the Southern Caucasus
shared mixed ancestry on a genetic cline that formed during the Neolithic between Western Anatolia and regions
in today’s Southern Caucasus/Zagros. During the Late Chalcolithic and/or the Early Bronze Age, more
than half of the Northern Levantine gene pool was replaced, while in the rest of Anatolia and the Southern
Caucasus, we document genetic continuity with only transient gene flow. Additionally, we reveal a genetically
distinct individual within the Late Bronze Age Northern Levant. Overall, our study uncovers multiple scales of
population dynamics through time, from extensive admixture during the Neolithic period to long-distance
mobility within the globalized societies of the Late Bronze Age.
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