We propose an efficient and fast bit-multiplexed encryption scheme exploiting hyperchaotic regimes of a single nonlinear oscillator with multiple time-delay feedback loops. Each data stream is encrypted by digitally modulating the values of the various time delays and decrypted using chaos synchronization and cross-correlation measurements. We have numerically applied our approach to an optoelectronic chaotic oscillator based on standard semiconductor lasers subjected to multiple feedbacks and have demonstrated successful data transmission and recovery between multiple users at several Gbits/s on a single communication channel.