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                <term xml:lang="fr">Afghanistan</term>
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              <p>Judging in the Midst of Civil War. The Taliban Courts in Afghanistan (2001–2013) - Since 2001, the Taliban insurgency in Afghanistan has been gaining momentum in a civil war characterized by the growing politicization of private conflicts. By establishing courts, the Taliban have managed to override the social and identity divides apparent in private disputes while striving to objectivize the armed movement and the national scope of its cause. Through their accessibility for the population and their proven effectiveness, the Taliban courts have enabled the insurgency to expand its social base across ethnic and tribal boundaries. The Taliban case suggests that in a situation of civil war, the establishment of judicial institutions is a component in a strategic repertoire and that the ability to judge is a decisive factor for an insurgency seeking to establish itself as a political authority against competing claims to appropriate the state’s monopoly.</p>
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              <p>Depuis 2001, l’insurrection Taleban s’implante en Afghanistan dans le contexte d’une guerre civile qui a pour caractéristique d’amener la politisation croissante des conflits privés. Par la mise en place de cours de justice, les Taleban sont parvenus à déborder les lignes de clivage qui se manifestent dans les conflits privés et s’efforcent, dans le même mouvement, d’objectiver le mouvement armé et le caractère national de sa cause. Ainsi, ces cours de justice Taleban, par leur accessibilité pour la population en même temps que par la manifestation de leur efficacité, ont permis à l’insurrection d’étendre son assise sociale par-delà les frontières ethniques et tribales. Le cas Taleban suggère ainsi que, dans une situation de guerre civile, l’établissement d’institutions judiciaires se présente comme un élément du répertoire stratégique, la capacité de juger étant un élément déterminant pour s’affirmer comme unité politique contre les revendications concurrentes d’appropriation du monopole étatique.</p>
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