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              <p>In 2009, the European Commission was mandated by the Parliament to draw up a development strategy for the development of wilderness areas. However, Europe is not known to have vast areas of wilderness or virgin nature, and in this context, considering wilderness areas in Europe seems counter-intuitive. The term has played a major cultural role since the 19th century in the countries born of British colonisation, before becoming a recurrent term in nature conservation strategies. However, its cultural and scientific meanings remain heterogeneous. The aim of this article is to reflect on what "wilderness" Europe can claim to refer to in order to promote an ecological strategy. The article draws on recent literature on wilderness in Europe, the evolution and greening of the concept, and promotional actions supported by environmental NGOs in various regions of Europe. It explores the limits and contradictions involved in promoting a concept that tends to be naturalized and ecologized. The results show that in the field of wilderness, faced with the relative slowness of European public authorities, private and associative initiatives are outpacing government actions, which raises questions about the relevance, and even the effectiveness of this new designation of conservation strategies.</p>
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              <p>En 2009, la Comisión Europea recibió el mandato del Parlamento de elaborar una estrategia de desarrollo de zonas naturalmente vírgenes, las “wilderness areas” (áreas silvestres). Sin embargo, el continente europeo no es reputado por disponer de amplias extensiones de naturaleza virgen o en estado salvaje. En tal contexto, pensar las « wilderness areas » en tal territorio sería contradictorio. En el siglo XIX este término desempeñó un papel cultural fundamental en los países que emergieron de la colonización británica, antes de proliferar las estrategias de conservación sobre áreas naturales. Sin embargo, sus significados culturales y científicos restan heterogéneos. El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar en que punto las “wilderness” en Europa pueden constituirse en una referencia para promover una estrategia ecológica. El trabajo se sostiene sobre la literatura reciente de las “wilderness” en el continente europeo, tanto en la evolución y la ecologización de la noción, como en las acciones desarrolladas y sostenidas por las ONG ambientalistas en diversas regiones del continente. Exploramos los límites y contradicciones de la promoción de una noción, que tiende a ser naturalizada y ecologizada. Los resultados expresan que en materia de “wilderness”, ante una relativa lentitud de las autoridades públicas europeas, las iniciativas privadas y asociativas van por delante de las acciones gubernamentales, lo cual hace reflexionar la pertinencia y efectividad en esta nueva designación de estrategias de conservación.</p>
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              <p>La Commission Européenne a été chargée en 2009, par le Parlement, d’élaborer une stratégie de développement de zones de nature vierge, les « wilderness areas ». Or, l’Europe n’est pas réputée disposer de vastes régions de nature vierge ou sauvage.Dans ce contexte, envisager des « wilderness areas » en Europe semble contre-intuitif. Ce terme a joué un rôle culturel majeur depuis le XIXe siècle dans les pays nés de la colonisation britannique avant de devenir récurrent dans les stratégies de conservation de la nature. Toutefois, ses acceptions culturelles et scientifiques demeurent hétérogènes. L’objectif de cet article est de réfléchir à quelle « wilderness » l’Europe peut prétendre faire référence pour promouvoir une stratégie écologique. L’article s’appuie sur la littérature récente de la wilderness en Europe, sur l’évolution et l’écologisation de la notion ainsi qu’aux actions de promotion soutenues par des ONG environnementales dans diverses régions d’Europe. Il explore les limites et contradictions de la promotion d’une notion qui tend à être naturalisée et écologisée. Les résultats montrent qu’en matière de wilderness, face à une relative lenteur des pouvoirs publics européens, les initiatives privées et associatives devancent les actions gouvernementales, ce qui interroge la pertinence, voire l’efficacité, de cette nouvelle désignation des stratégies de conservation.</p>
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