Dissolved Radiotracers and Numerical Modeling in North European Continental Shelf Dispersion Studies (1982-2016): Databases, Methods and Applications
Résumé
Significant amounts of anthropogenic radionuclides were introduced in ocean waters following nuclear atmospheric tests and development of nuclear industry. Dispersion of artificial dissolved radionuclides has been extensively measured for decades over the European continental shelf. The radionuclide measurement and release fluxes databases provided represent an exceptional opportunity to validate dispersion hydrodynamic models. MARS model have been applied at different scales to reproduce in realistic conditions the dispersion measured. Specific methods have been developed to obtain qualitative and quantitative results and perform model/measurement comparisons. Model checking concerns short to large scales with dedicated surveys following the dispersion in two and three dimensions: from minutes and hours following a release; up to several years. Results are presented concerning the dispersion of radionuclides in marine systems deduced from measurements alone, or after models comparisons: dispersion over the continental shelf; pathways; transit times; budgets and source terms. The synthesis exhibits the main features retained from the point of view of radiotracers, hydrodynamic models and methods with perspectives of applications in other areas or oceanographic domains.
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