Genome sequencing and analysis of the biomass-degrading fungus Trichoderma reesei (syn. Hypocrea jecorina)
Diego Martínez
(1)
,
Randy Berka
(2)
,
Bernard Henrissat
(3)
,
Markku Saloheimo
(4)
,
Mikko Arvas
(4)
,
Scott Bakker
(5)
,
Jarod Chapman
(6)
,
Olga Chertkov
(1)
,
Pedro Coutinho
(3)
,
Dan Cullen
(7)
,
Etienne Danchin
(8, 3)
,
Igor Grigoriev
(6)
,
Paul Harris
(2)
,
Melissa Jackson
(1)
,
Christian Kubicek
(9)
,
Cliff Han
(1)
,
Isaac Ho
(6)
,
Luis Larrondo
(10)
,
Alfredo Lopez de Leon
(2)
,
Jon Magnuson
(5)
,
Sandy Merino
(2)
,
Monica Misra
(1)
,
Beth Nelson
(2)
,
Nicholas Putman
(6)
,
Barbara Robbertse
(11)
,
Asaf Salamov
(6)
,
Monika Schmoll
(9)
,
Astrid Terry
(6)
,
Nina Thayer
(1)
,
Ann Westerholm-Parvinen
(4)
,
Conrad Schoch
(11)
,
Jian Yao
(12)
,
Ravi Barabote
(1)
,
Mary Anne Nelson
(13)
,
Chris Detter
(1)
,
David Bruce
(1)
,
Cheryl Kuske
(1)
,
Gary Xie
(1)
,
Paul Richardson
(6)
,
Daniel Rokhsar
(6)
,
Susan Lucas
(6)
,
Edward Rubin
(6)
,
Nigel Dunn-Coleman
(14)
,
Michael Ward
(12)
,
Thomas Brettin
(6)
1
LANL -
Los Alamos National Laboratory
2 Novozymes, Inc.
3 AFMB - Architecture et fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques - UMR 6098
4 VTT - VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
5 PNNL - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
6 JGI - Joint Genome Institute
7 USDA - United States Department of Agriculture
8 IBSV - Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale
9 Vienna University of Technology
10 UC - Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
11 Department of Botany and Plant Pathology
12 Genencor International
13 Department of Biology [New Mexico]
14 AlerGenetiCa SL
2 Novozymes, Inc.
3 AFMB - Architecture et fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques - UMR 6098
4 VTT - VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
5 PNNL - Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
6 JGI - Joint Genome Institute
7 USDA - United States Department of Agriculture
8 IBSV - Interactions Biotiques et Santé Végétale
9 Vienna University of Technology
10 UC - Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
11 Department of Botany and Plant Pathology
12 Genencor International
13 Department of Biology [New Mexico]
14 AlerGenetiCa SL
Bernard Henrissat
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 833340
Etienne Danchin
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 734755
- IdHAL : danchin-etienne-gj
- ORCID : 0000-0003-4146-5608
- IdRef : 033644780
Igor Grigoriev
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 791663
- ORCID : 0000-0002-3136-8903
- IdRef : 229928536
Jon Magnuson
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 794533
- ORCID : 0000-0001-7712-7024
Abstract
Trichoderma reesei is the main industrial source of cellulases and hemicellulases used to depolymerize biomass to simple sugars that are converted to chemical intermediates and biofuels, such as ethanol. We assembled 89 scaffolds (sets of ordered and oriented contigs) to generate 34 Mbp of nearly contiguous T. reesei genome sequence comprising 9,129 predicted gene models. Unexpectedly, considering the industrial utility and effectiveness of the carbohydrate-active enzymes of T. reesei, its genome encodes fewer cellulases and hemicellulases than any other sequenced fungus able to hydrolyze plant cell wall polysaccharides. Many T. reesei genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes are distributed nonrandomly in clusters that lie between regions of synteny with other Sordariomycetes. Numerous genes encoding biosynthetic pathways for secondary metabolites may promote survival of T. reesei in its competitive soil habitat, but genome analysis provided little mechanistic insight into its extraordinary capacity for protein secretion. Our analysis, coupled with the genome sequence data, provides a roadmap for constructing enhanced T. reesei strains for industrial applications such as biofuel production.