Ionizing Radiation Epidemiology: research for radiological protection
Résumé
Radiation protection guidelines for the workers, the patients, and the public are informed by evidence derived from radiobiological studies and epidemiological studies. The most influential of these human studies is the Life Span Study (LSS) of Japanese atomic bomb survivors. The LSS identified long-term health effects that may occur after exposure to ionizing radiation and allowed quantifying dose-risk relationships for outcomes such as cancers. The findings from this study constitute a major foundation for the assessment of radiation detriment in the current system of radiation protection. However, the pattern of exposure in the LSS, i.e. acute high dose rate exposure, is not typical of exposures received by the workers and the public, who generally accrue protracted low dose-rate exposures. During the last decades, epidemiological studies have been settled to investigate radiation associated risks directly in populations of nuclear workers, health practitioners, or patients. These results will be of great interest to refine the radiation protection standards in the future.
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