Non-isocyanate polyurethane-ureas (NIPUUs) are a greener alternative to the traditional isocyanate-based polyurethane-ureas. These materials are synthesized by transurethanization and aminolysis of cyclic carbonate, commonly performed in solvents and in bulk. For several reasons including scalability, properties and environmental impact, there is a growing interest in developing water-based NPUUs. This review aims at discussing the achievements and the remaining challenges in the development of water-soluble NIPUUs, NIPUUs-based hydrogels as well as water-borne NIPUU dispersions.