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            <title xml:lang="en">The European Commission on the Privacy Shield: All Bark and No Bite?</title>
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                <term xml:lang="en">privacy</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">data transfers</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">personal data</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">GDPR</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">General Data Protection Regulation</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Schrems II</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Schrems I</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Schrems</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Privacy Shield</term>
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              <p>Much has been written about the difference in the privacy laws of the European Union and the United States and ideologies behind the two regimes. One risk of the increasing divergence in views on privacy is the potential halting of data transfers from the European Union to the United States by the European Commission (EC). As data is a significant driver of the world economy, special care must be taken both to ensure that data is able to cross borders easily, and individuals’ rights to data protection are respected. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) prohibits the transfer of personal data outside of the European Economic Area (EEA) to countries without “adequate” privacy protections. As the United States is considered to have insufficient protections, the EC requires that an approved mechanism, such as the Privacy Shield—its agreement with the United States that permits U.S. companies to self-certify that they will meet certain minimum privacy protections—be used for such transfers. Alternative mechanisms include standard contractual clauses (SCCs). Suspension of any one approved mechanism may call into question the legitimacy of the others. Although the Privacy Shield survived its first EC review in 2017, many called for the EC to suspend the Privacy Shield at its second review due to a number of factors: the continuation of the Schrems case; the failure of the U.S. government to enact the recommendations made in the 2017 Privacy Shield review; and recent U.S. government actions demonstrating disregard for data privacy protection; the EC chose to back down instead of proceeding to a clash. On In a report issued on December 19, 2018 (2018 Report), the EC indicated that the Privacy Shield had passed its second review, subject to the United States appointing a permanent Privacy Shield Ombudsperson by February 28, 2019. Before analyzing the 2018 Report, it is important to understand why the U.S.’s commitment to the Privacy Shield mechanism seems tenuous.</p>
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