Mont Terri rock laboratory, 20 years of research: introduction, site characteristics and overview of experiments
Résumé
Abstract Geologic repositories for radioactive waste are designed as multi-barrier disposal systems that perform a
number of functions including the long-term isolation and containment of waste from the human environment, and the
attenuation of radionuclides released to the subsurface. The rock laboratory at Mont Terri (canton Jura, Switzerland) in
the Opalinus Clay plays an important role in the development of such repositories. The experimental results gained
in the last 20 years are used to study the possible evolution of a repository and investigate processes closely related to
the safety functions of a repository hosted in a clay rock. At the same time, these experiments have increased our general knowledge of the complex behaviour of argillaceous formations in response to coupled hydrological, mechanical, thermal, chemical, and biological processes. After presenting the geological setting in and around the Mont
Terri rock laboratory and an overview of the mineralogy and key properties of the Opalinus Clay, we give a brief overview of the key experiments that are described in more detail in the following research papers to this Special Issue
of the Swiss Journal of Geosciences. These experiments aim to characterise the Opalinus Clay and estimate safety relevant parameters, test procedures, and technologies for repository construction and waste emplacement. Other
aspects covered are: bentonite buffer emplacement, high pH concrete-clay interaction experiments, anaerobic steel
corrosion with hydrogen formation, depletion of hydrogen by microbial activity, and finally, release of radionuclides into the bentonite buffer and the Opalinus Clay barrier. In the case of a spent fuel/high-level waste repository, the
time considered in performance assessment for repository evolution is generally 1 million years, starting with a
transient phase over the first 10,000 years and followed by an equilibrium phase. Experiments dealing with initial conditions, construction, and waste emplacement do not require the extrapolation of their results over such long
timescales. However, experiments like radionuclide transport in the clay barrier have to rely on understanding longterm
mechanistic processes together with estimating safety-relevant parameters. The research at Mont Terri
carried out in the last 20 years provides valuable information on repository evolution and strong arguments for a
sound safety case for a repository in argillaceous formations.
Domaines
Sciences de l'environnement
Origine : Publication financée par une institution
Loading...