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Article Dans Une Revue International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment Année : 2013

Life cycle assessment of light-emitting diode downlight luminaire: a case study

Résumé

Purpose Light-emitting diode (LED) technology is increasingly being used for general lighting. Thus, it is timely to study the environmental impacts of the LED products. No life cycle assessments (LCA) of recessed LED downlight luminaires exist in the literature, and only a few assessments of any type of LED light source (component, lamp, luminaire) are available. Methods The LCA of a recessed LED downlight luminaire was conducted by using the data from the luminaire manufacturer, laboratory measurements, industry experts and literature. The assessment was conducted using SimaPro LCA software. Ecoinvent and European Reference Life Cycle Database were used as databases of the impact assessment. The LCA included a range of environmental impacts in order to obtain a broad overview. The functional unit of the LCA was one luminaire used for 50 000 h. In addition, the sensitivity of the environmental impacts to the life was studied by assessing the LED downlight luminaire of 36 000 h life. Results and discussion The environmental impacts of the LED luminaire were mostly dominated by the energy consumption in the use stage. However, the manufacturing stage caused the majority of impacts in the categories of the hazardous waste and non-hazardous waste. The environmental impacts of the manufacturing were mainly due to the driver, LED array and aluminium parts. The installation, transport and end-of-life had nearly no effect on the total life-cycle impacts. The life cycle environmental impacts were found out to be sensitive to the life of the luminaire: The life of 50 000 h resulted on the average to 17 % lower environmental impacts compared to a 36 000 h life. Conclusions and recommendations The case study showed that the environmental impacts of the LED downlight luminaire were dominated by the use-stage energy consumption. Luminous efficacy is thus a relatively appropriate environmental indicator of the luminaire. As LED technology possesses generally higher luminous efficacy compared to conventional light sources, the LED luminaire is considered to represent an environmentally friendly lighting product. However, due to the data gaps, it is needed to produce more detailed data on the LED product manufacturing and its environmental impacts. The environmental impacts of different LED products need to be analysed in order to be able to precisely compare the LED technology to the conventional lighting technologies.
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Dates et versions

hal-02541069 , version 1 (30-05-2023)

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Leena Tahkamo, Manuel Bazzana, Pierre Ravel, Francis Grannec, Christophe Martinsons, et al.. Life cycle assessment of light-emitting diode downlight luminaire: a case study. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2013, 18 (5), pp.1009-1018. ⟨10.1007/s11367-012-0542-4⟩. ⟨hal-02541069⟩
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