Hypertension is the most common chronic disease and the leading risk factor for disability and premature deaths in the world, accounting for more than 9 million deaths annually. Resistant hypertension is a particularly severe form of hypertension. It was described 50 years ago and since then has been a very active field of research. This review aims at summarizing the most recent findings on resistant hypertension. The recent concepts of apparent-and true-resistant hypertension have stimulated a more precise definition of resistant hypertension taking into account not only accuracy of blood pressure measurement and pharmacological class of prescribed drugs but also patient adherence to drugs and lifestyle recommendations.