This work assesses the potential of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.) growing on trace element contaminated soils to produce fibres for material applications. The nettles studied in this work grew spontaneously and dominated the vegetation cover in poplar short rotation coppices planted for the phytomanagement of lands contaminated by trace elements. Two sites were studied, contaminated by Hg for the first one and a mix of As, Cd, Pb and Zn for the second one. Results show that, for the considered soils, the contaminant contents in nettle bast fibres were at low levels, comparable to those collected at unpolluted control areas. It makes it possible to consider this biomass for material use. The measured matter yield was lower than those obtained with traditional fibre crops cultivated in Europe on agricultural lands. However, the tensile properties of the bast fibres mechanically extracted without field retting or prior alkaline treatment were equal to or better than those of industrial hemp and flax, making spontaneous nettles an interesting supplement to traditional European fibre crops for material applications.