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                <title xml:lang="en">Numerical study of the crack growth in a woven composite</title>
                <title xml:lang="fr">Etude numérique de la propagation de fissure dans un composite tissé</title>
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                <term xml:lang="en">numerical simulation</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">woven laminate</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">fiber failure</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">translaminar crack propagation</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">simulation numérique</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">rupture de fibres</term>
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                <term xml:lang="fr">stratifié tissé</term>
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              <p>Thanks to their low mass and high performances, composites drawan increasing interest in many fields, such as aeronautics. Nevertheless, composites structures are particularly vulnerable to out-of-plane solicitations.Research [1-3] have shown differences between woven and unidirectional composites. Woven composites have better damage tolerances thanks to textile architecture and mechanisms of effort diffusion [4]. Moreover, they have better properties on out-of-plan solicitations and a greater dissipative power than unidirectional composites.Woven composites have shown a particular interest for aeronautical manufacturers, yet their breaking mechanisms remain complex.This study is focused on failure mechanisms of woven composite. We used the numerical model which has developed at the Institute Clement Ader over the last years called Discrete Ply Model (DPM), with the aim of simulating tensile tests on notched and unnotched specimens of woven composites. The objective is to study translaminar crack growth propagations and improve the understanding of failure mechanism. We take into consideration the critical energy release rate of the fiber failure in mode I and II, the shearing plasticity and the effect of weaving point.</p>
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              <p>Grâce à leurs faibles masses et leurs hautes propriétés mécaniques, les composites sont des matériaux de plus en plus utilisés dans de nombreux domaines,notamment dans l’aéronautique. Néanmoins, les structures composites sont particulièrement vulnérables vis-à-vis des sollicitations hors  plan.Les  recherches  [1-3]  ont  montré des différences  significatives  entre  composites unidirectionnels et tissés. Grâce à leurs architectures et aux mécanismes de diffusion des efforts,les tissés possèdent de meilleures propriétés en sollicitation hors plan que les unidirectionnels[4]. Ils présentent donc un intérêt non négligeable pour les constructeurs aéronautiques;cependant leurs mécanismes de rupture restent complexes.Dans ce travail nous nous proposons d’étudier les mécanismes de ruptures des composites tissés.Pour cela nous avons utilisé le modèle numérique développé à l’Institut Clément Ader depuis une dizaine d’années, le Discrete Ply Model (DPM), afin de simuler des essais de traction sur éprouvettes tissées avec et sans pré-entaille. Le but est d’étudier la propagation de fissures translaminaires et d’améliorer la compréhension des mécanismes d’endommagements. Nous nous sommes notamment intéressés à la prise en compte du taux de restitution d’énergie critique en rupture de fibres en mode I et II, à la plasticité en cisaillement ainsi qu’à l’effet des points de tissages.</p>
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