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              <p>Foreword Microgravity Ever since XVII th century, it has been well known that gravity results from the Earth's attraction and is a particular case of a universal force of attraction. Newton's law specifies that the attracting force between two bodies is proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to distance between them. On the Earth's surface, we obtain by volume integration, the weight of the object under consideration and the resulting effect is called gravity. Pressure stratification of fluid masses under the gravity effect induces the Archimedes' forces. In general relativity theory, in the non-Euclidian theory of the gravitational field, one is led to apply corrections to the results from Newton's law. The invention of space vehicles and artificial satellites has opened to human beings' new fields of investigation. One can travel inside interplanetary and interstellar spaces and approach heavenly bodies to observe them better, to scrutinize our planet, to install telecommunications and observation satellites around the earth. Scientific instrumentation has been enriched with these new techniques. This is not without consequences for the Sciences of the Universe and for Physics. However, a particular result of this invention has been the new availability to scientists of locations without gravity for long periods of time. These gravity-free conditions are indeed realized even inside a space craft. This is a direct result of the basic laws of classical mechanics and of their expression in a reference frame, that of the space dwelling, which moves as in the vacuum, solely under the action of long-distance forces of attraction. Indeed, the frame of reference associated with these space craft is, of course, non-Galilean. In principle, the gravity acceleration must be compensated exactly by that of the reference frame. Indeed, such zero-gravity surroundings where already available earlier, although for small durations, in the near vicinity of the planetary surface and even on the ground. They are obtainable in a well and a drop tower (for free fall), during an aircraft parabolic flight and with exploration rockets. If zero-gravity instruments where developed during the last few decades, this certainly did not occur independently of these space technologies. Indeed, one requires a better knowledge of fluid behavior in the absence of gravity for its use in space. But zero-gravity is equally useful for the investigator in Material Sciences who finds interesting opportunities under these conditions. Freedom from gravity provides the fluid mechanician or the physicist with a mean of avoiding buoyancy and its consequences, such as natural convection and density stratification, which affect hyper-compressible fluids. Satellites and terrestrial means do not allow gravity to be eliminated, and some residual gravity remains. This is the reason why one speaks of microgravity rather than zero-gravity. This residual acceleration is not uniform in time and space. Hence one speaks of g-jitters to describe random acceleration variations, which in general hinder the experimenter. The microgravity quality, as well as its duration, are permanent requirements of the scientist working in microgravity.</p>
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