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                <title level="j">The Astrophysical Journal</title>
                <imprint>
                  <publisher>American Astronomical Society</publisher>
                  <biblScope unit="volume">886</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="pp">L33</biblScope>
                  <date type="datePub">2019</date>
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              <idno type="arxiv">1911.04642</idno>
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              <p>GRB 131108A is a bright long gamma-ray burst (GRB) detected by the Large Area Telescope and the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. Dedicated temporal and spectral analyses reveal three γ-ray flares dominating above 100 MeV, which are not directly related to the prompt emission in the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor band (10 keV–10 MeV). The high-energy light curve of GRB 131108A (100 MeV–10 GeV) shows an unusual evolution: a steep decay, followed by three flares with an underlying emission, and then a long-lasting decay phase. The detailed analysis of the γ-ray flares finds that the three flares are 6–20 times brighter than the underlying emission and are similar to each other. The fluence of each flare, (1.6 ∼ 2.0) × 10−6 erg cm−2, is comparable to that of emission during the steep decay phase, 1.7 × 10−6 erg cm−2. The total fluence from three γ-ray flares is 5.3 × 10−6 erg cm−2. The three γ-ray flares show properties similar to the usual X-ray flares that are sharp flux increases, occurring in ∼50% of afterglows, in some cases well after the prompt emission. Also, the temporal and spectral indices during the early steep decay phase and the decaying phase of each flare show the consistency with a relation of the curvature effect ( = 2 + ), which is the first observational evidence of the high-latitude emission in the GeV energy band.</p>
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