Prosthetic Valve Candida spp. Endocarditis: New Insights Into Long-term Prognosis—The ESCAPE Study
Claire Rivoisy
(1)
,
Antonio Vena
(2, 3, 4)
,
Laura Schaeffer
(5)
,
Caroline Charlier
(1)
,
Arnaud Fontanet
(5, 6)
,
François Delahaye
(7, 8)
,
Emilio Bouza
(2, 4, 3)
,
Olivier Lortholary
(1, 9)
,
Patricia Muñoz
(2, 4, 3)
,
Agnès Lefort
(10, 11)
,
Yazdan Yazdanpanah
(11)
,
Michel Wolff
,
Sandrine Houze
(12)
,
Tristan Ferry
,
Martine Wallon
(13)
,
Christophe Strady
,
Dominique Toubas
(14)
,
Nicolas Bréchot
(15)
,
Benoît Henry
(16)
,
Arnaud Fekkar
(16)
,
Thierry Fourme
,
Isabelle Amouroux
,
Jean-Luc Mainardi
(17)
,
Eric Dannaoui
(9)
,
Olivier Rogeaux
(18)
,
Marion Levast
(19)
,
Catherine Chirouze
(20)
,
Laurence Million
(20)
,
Frédéric Bastides
(21)
,
Jacques Chandenier
(22)
,
Jean-Pierre Lançon
,
Anne Ovize
(23)
,
Pierre Abgueguen
(24)
,
Jean-Philippe Bouchara
(25)
,
Laurent Tric
,
Gilbert Habib
(26)
,
Frederic Gourriet
,
Laurent Aaron
,
Marie Elisabeth Bougnoux
(27)
,
Fabrice Camou
(28)
,
Isabelle Accoceberry
(29)
,
Fernando Fernández Sánchez
,
Mariam Noureddine
,
Gabriel Rosas
,
Javier de La Torre Lima
,
José Aramendi
,
Elena Bereciartua
,
María Victoria Boado
,
Marta Campaña Lázaro
,
Josune Goikoetxea
,
Juan José Goiti
,
José Luis Hernández
,
José Ramón Iruretagoyena
,
Josu Irurzun Zuazabal
,
Leire López-Soria
,
Miguel Montejo
,
Pedro María Pérez
,
Regino Rodríguez
,
Roberto Voces
,
Mª Victoria García López
,
Radka Ivanova Georgieva
,
Manuel Márquez Solero
,
Isabel Rodríguez Bailón
,
Josefa Ruiz Morales
,
Ana María Cuende
,
Tomás Echeverría
,
Ana Fuerte
,
Eduardo Gaminde
,
Miguel Ángel Goenaga
,
Pedro Idígoras
,
José Antonio Iribarren
,
Alberto Izaguirre Yarza
,
Xabier Kortajarena Urkola
,
Carlos Reviejo
,
Rafael C. Carrasco
(30)
,
Vicente Climent
,
Patricio Llamas
,
Esperanza Merino
,
Joaquín Plazas
,
Sergio Reus
,
Nemesio Álvarez
,
Jose María Bravo-Ferrer
,
Laura Castelo
,
José Cuenca
,
Pedro Llinares
,
Enrique Miguez Rey
,
María Rodríguez Mayo
,
Efrén Sánchez
,
Dolores Sousa Regueiro
,
Francisco Javier Martinez
(31)
,
Mª del Mar Alonso
,
Beatriz Castro
,
Dácil García Marrero
,
Mª del Carmen Durán
,
Mª Antonia Miguel Gómez
,
Juan La Calzada
,
Ibrahim Nassar
,
Antonio Plata Ciezar
,
José Mª Reguera Iglesias
,
Víctor Asensio
,
Carlos Costas
,
Jesús de La Hera
,
Jonnathan Fernández Suárez
,
Lisardo Iglesias Fraile
,
Víctor León Arguero
,
José López Menéndez
,
Pilar Menciabajo
,
Carlos R. Morales
(32)
,
Alfonso Moreno Torrico
,
Carmen Palomo
,
Begoña Paya Martínez
,
Ángeles Rodríguez Esteban
,
Raquel Rodríguez García
,
Mauricio Telenti Asensio
,
Manuel Almela
,
Yolanda Armero
,
Manuel Azqueta
,
Merce Brunet
(33)
,
Ramón Cartañá
,
Carlos Cervera
,
Carlos Falces
,
Guillermina Fita
,
David Fuster
,
Cristina García de La Maria
,
José Gatell
(34)
,
Jaume Llopis Pérez
,
Francesc Marco
,
Carlos Mestres
,
José Mª Miró
,
Asunción Moreno
,
Salvador Ninot
,
Eduardo Quintana
,
Carlos Paré
,
Juan Manuel Pericás
,
José Pomar
,
José Ramírez
(35)
,
Irene Rovira
,
Marta Sitges
(36)
,
Dolors Soy
,
Adrián Téllez
,
Jordi Vila
,
Javier Bermejo
,
Gregorio Cuerpo
,
Viviana de Egea
,
Alia Eworo
,
Ana Fernández Cruz
,
Mª Eugenia García Leoni
,
Marcela González del Vecchio
,
Víctor González Ramallo
,
Martha Kestler Hernández
,
Mercedes Marín
,
Manuel Martínez-Sellés
,
Mª Cruz Menárguez
,
Cristina Rincón
,
Hugo Rodríguez-Abella
,
Marta Rodríguez-Créixems
,
Blanca Pinilla
,
Ángel Pinto
,
Maricela Valerio
,
Eduardo Verde Moreno
,
Isabel Antorrena
,
Belén Loeches
,
Mar Moreno
,
Ulises Ramírez
,
Verónica Rial Bastón
,
María Romero
,
Araceli Saldaña
,
Carlos Armiñanzas Castillo
,
Ana Arnaiz
,
José Berrazueta
,
Sara Bellisco
,
Manuel Cobo Belaustegui
,
Raquel Durán
,
Mªcarmen Fariñas
,
Concepción Fariñas-Álvarez
,
Carlos Fernández Mazarrasa
,
Rubén Gómez Izquierdo
,
Claudia González Rico
,
José Gutiérrez Díez
,
Rafael Martín Durán
,
Marcos Pajarón
,
José Antonio Parra
,
Ramón Teira
,
Jesús Zarauza
,
Pablo García Pavía
,
Jesús González
,
Beatriz Orden
,
Antonio Ramos
(37)
,
Elena Rodríguez González
,
Tomasa Centella
,
José Manuel Hermida
,
José Luis Moya
,
Pilar Martín-Dávila
,
Enrique Navas
,
Enrique Oliva
,
Alejandro del Río
,
Soledad Ruiz
,
Carmen Hidalgo Tenorio
,
Antonio de Castro
,
Marina de Cueto
,
Pastora Gallego
,
Juan Gálvez Acebal
,
Jesús Rodríguez Baño
,
Arístides de Alarcón
,
Emilio García
,
Juan Luis Haro
,
José Antonio Lepe
,
Francisco López
,
Rafael Luque
(38)
,
Luis Javier Alonso
,
José Manuel Azcona Gutiérrez
,
José Ramón Blanco
,
Lara García
,
José Antonio Oteo
,
Natividad de Benito
,
Mercé Gurguí
,
Cristina Pacho
,
Roser Pericas
(39)
,
Guillem Pons
,
M. Alvarez
(40)
,
A Fernández
,
A. Prieto
(41)
,
Benito Regueiro
,
E Tijeira
,
Marino Vega
,
Andrés Canut Blasco
,
José Cordo Mollar
,
Juan Carlos Gainzarain Arana
,
Oscar García Uriarte
,
Alejandro Martín López
,
Zuriñe Ortiz de Zárate
,
José Antonio Urturi Matos
,
Mª Belén Nacle
,
Antonio Sánchez-Porto
,
Luis Vallejo
,
José Mª Arribasleal
,
Elisa García Vázquez
,
Alicia Hernández Torres
,
Ana Blázquez
,
Gonzalo de La Morena Valenzuela
,
Ángel Alonso
,
Javier Aramburu
,
Felicitas Elena Calvo
,
Anai Moreno Rodríguez
,
Paola Tarabini-Castellani
,
Eva Heredero Gálvez
,
Carolina Maicas Bellido
,
José Largo Pau
,
Mª Antonia Sepúlveda
,
Pilar Toledano Sierra
,
Sadaf Zafar Iqbal-Mirza
,
Eva Cascales Alcolea
,
Pilar Egea Serrano
,
José Joaquín Hernández Roca
1
Service des Maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Necker]
2 Hospital General Universitario "Gregorio Marañón" [Madrid]
3 UCM - Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid]
4 CIBERES - Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias
5 Epidémiologie des Maladies Emergentes - Emerging Diseases Epidemiology
6 PACRI - Pasteur-Cnam Risques infectieux et émergents
7 UCBL - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
8 HCL - Hospices Civils de Lyon
9 Mycologie moléculaire
10 Hôpital Beaujon
11 IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137) - Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution
12 MERIT - UMR_D 216 - Mère et enfant en milieu tropical : pathogènes, système de santé et transition épidémiologique
13 Service de Parasitologie
14 MEDyC - Matrice extracellulaire et dynamique cellulaire - UMR 7369
15 ICAN - Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Research Unit on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases
16 CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP]
17 HEGP - Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP]
18 Service des Maladies Infectieuses
19 Laboratoire de Bactériologie
20 LCE - Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249)
21 Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses [Tours]
22 CHU Tours, Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie - Médecine Tropicale
23 Eurofins Biomnis
24 Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Angers]
25 GEIHP - Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène
26 Service de cardiologie
27 BPF - Biologie et Pathogénicité fongiques
28 Hôpital St-André, Réanimation
29 MFP - Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité
30 UPA - Universitad Politecnica de Alicante
31 ITA - Instituto Tecnologico de Aragon
32 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology [Montréal]
33 UB - Universitat de Barcelona
34 AIDS Research Group [Barcelona, Spain]
35 Instituto Tecnológico de Tláhuac
36 Cardiology Department, Thorax Clinic Institute, Hospital Cliınic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques [Barcelona]
37 Universidade de Aveiro
38 Universidad de Córdoba = University of Córdoba [Córdoba]
39 Department of Microbiology
40 URV - University Rovirai Virgili de Tarragona
41 Chercheur indépendant
2 Hospital General Universitario "Gregorio Marañón" [Madrid]
3 UCM - Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid]
4 CIBERES - Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias
5 Epidémiologie des Maladies Emergentes - Emerging Diseases Epidemiology
6 PACRI - Pasteur-Cnam Risques infectieux et émergents
7 UCBL - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
8 HCL - Hospices Civils de Lyon
9 Mycologie moléculaire
10 Hôpital Beaujon
11 IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137) - Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution
12 MERIT - UMR_D 216 - Mère et enfant en milieu tropical : pathogènes, système de santé et transition épidémiologique
13 Service de Parasitologie
14 MEDyC - Matrice extracellulaire et dynamique cellulaire - UMR 7369
15 ICAN - Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Research Unit on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases
16 CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP]
17 HEGP - Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP]
18 Service des Maladies Infectieuses
19 Laboratoire de Bactériologie
20 LCE - Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249)
21 Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses [Tours]
22 CHU Tours, Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie - Médecine Tropicale
23 Eurofins Biomnis
24 Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Angers]
25 GEIHP - Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène
26 Service de cardiologie
27 BPF - Biologie et Pathogénicité fongiques
28 Hôpital St-André, Réanimation
29 MFP - Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité
30 UPA - Universitad Politecnica de Alicante
31 ITA - Instituto Tecnologico de Aragon
32 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology [Montréal]
33 UB - Universitat de Barcelona
34 AIDS Research Group [Barcelona, Spain]
35 Instituto Tecnológico de Tláhuac
36 Cardiology Department, Thorax Clinic Institute, Hospital Cliınic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques [Barcelona]
37 Universidade de Aveiro
38 Universidad de Córdoba = University of Córdoba [Córdoba]
39 Department of Microbiology
40 URV - University Rovirai Virgili de Tarragona
41 Chercheur indépendant
Laura Schaeffer
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 734765
- IdHAL : lschaeffer
- ORCID : 0000-0002-5850-3415
Caroline Charlier
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 764666
- ORCID : 0000-0002-9375-3620
François Delahaye
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 962120
Agnès Lefort
Connectez-vous pour contacter l'auteur
- Function : Correspondent author
- PersonId : 1072822
Connectez-vous pour contacter l'auteur
Yazdan Yazdanpanah
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 941239
Michel Wolff
- Function : Author
Tristan Ferry
- Function : Author
Christophe Strady
- Function : Author
Benoît Henry
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 5168
- IdHAL : benoit-henry
- IdRef : 199387680
Thierry Fourme
- Function : Author
Isabelle Amouroux
- Function : Author
Eric Dannaoui
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 756898
- IdHAL : eric-dannaoui
- ORCID : 0000-0002-2817-3830
- IdRef : 233666184
Catherine Chirouze
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 760630
- ORCID : 0000-0002-6150-2376
Laurence Million
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 781458
- IdRef : 160473640
Frédéric Bastides
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 996799
Jean-Pierre Lançon
- Function : Author
Jean-Philippe Bouchara
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 920220
Laurent Tric
- Function : Author
Gilbert Habib
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 757774
- ORCID : 0000-0003-3899-9983
- IdRef : 060822791
Frederic Gourriet
- Function : Author
Laurent Aaron
- Function : Author
Fernando Fernández Sánchez
- Function : Author
Mariam Noureddine
- Function : Author
Gabriel Rosas
- Function : Author
Javier de La Torre Lima
- Function : Author
José Aramendi
- Function : Author
Elena Bereciartua
- Function : Author
María Victoria Boado
- Function : Author
Marta Campaña Lázaro
- Function : Author
Josune Goikoetxea
- Function : Author
Juan José Goiti
- Function : Author
José Luis Hernández
- Function : Author
José Ramón Iruretagoyena
- Function : Author
Josu Irurzun Zuazabal
- Function : Author
Leire López-Soria
- Function : Author
Miguel Montejo
- Function : Author
Pedro María Pérez
- Function : Author
Regino Rodríguez
- Function : Author
Roberto Voces
- Function : Author
Mª Victoria García López
- Function : Author
Radka Ivanova Georgieva
- Function : Author
Manuel Márquez Solero
- Function : Author
Isabel Rodríguez Bailón
- Function : Author
Josefa Ruiz Morales
- Function : Author
Ana María Cuende
- Function : Author
Tomás Echeverría
- Function : Author
Ana Fuerte
- Function : Author
Eduardo Gaminde
- Function : Author
Miguel Ángel Goenaga
- Function : Author
Pedro Idígoras
- Function : Author
José Antonio Iribarren
- Function : Author
Alberto Izaguirre Yarza
- Function : Author
Xabier Kortajarena Urkola
- Function : Author
Carlos Reviejo
- Function : Author
Vicente Climent
- Function : Author
Patricio Llamas
- Function : Author
Esperanza Merino
- Function : Author
Joaquín Plazas
- Function : Author
Sergio Reus
- Function : Author
Nemesio Álvarez
- Function : Author
Jose María Bravo-Ferrer
- Function : Author
Laura Castelo
- Function : Author
José Cuenca
- Function : Author
Pedro Llinares
- Function : Author
Enrique Miguez Rey
- Function : Author
María Rodríguez Mayo
- Function : Author
Efrén Sánchez
- Function : Author
Dolores Sousa Regueiro
- Function : Author
Mª del Mar Alonso
- Function : Author
Beatriz Castro
- Function : Author
Dácil García Marrero
- Function : Author
Mª del Carmen Durán
- Function : Author
Mª Antonia Miguel Gómez
- Function : Author
Juan La Calzada
- Function : Author
Ibrahim Nassar
- Function : Author
Antonio Plata Ciezar
- Function : Author
José Mª Reguera Iglesias
- Function : Author
Víctor Asensio
- Function : Author
Carlos Costas
- Function : Author
Jesús de La Hera
- Function : Author
Jonnathan Fernández Suárez
- Function : Author
Lisardo Iglesias Fraile
- Function : Author
Víctor León Arguero
- Function : Author
José López Menéndez
- Function : Author
Pilar Menciabajo
- Function : Author
Alfonso Moreno Torrico
- Function : Author
Carmen Palomo
- Function : Author
Begoña Paya Martínez
- Function : Author
Ángeles Rodríguez Esteban
- Function : Author
Raquel Rodríguez García
- Function : Author
Mauricio Telenti Asensio
- Function : Author
Manuel Almela
- Function : Author
Yolanda Armero
- Function : Author
Manuel Azqueta
- Function : Author
Ramón Cartañá
- Function : Author
Carlos Cervera
- Function : Author
Carlos Falces
- Function : Author
Guillermina Fita
- Function : Author
David Fuster
- Function : Author
Cristina García de La Maria
- Function : Author
Jaume Llopis Pérez
- Function : Author
Francesc Marco
- Function : Author
Carlos Mestres
- Function : Author
José Mª Miró
- Function : Author
Asunción Moreno
- Function : Author
Salvador Ninot
- Function : Author
Eduardo Quintana
- Function : Author
Carlos Paré
- Function : Author
Juan Manuel Pericás
- Function : Author
José Pomar
- Function : Author
Irene Rovira
- Function : Author
Dolors Soy
- Function : Author
Adrián Téllez
- Function : Author
Jordi Vila
- Function : Author
Javier Bermejo
- Function : Author
Gregorio Cuerpo
- Function : Author
Viviana de Egea
- Function : Author
Alia Eworo
- Function : Author
Ana Fernández Cruz
- Function : Author
Mª Eugenia García Leoni
- Function : Author
Marcela González del Vecchio
- Function : Author
Víctor González Ramallo
- Function : Author
Martha Kestler Hernández
- Function : Author
Mercedes Marín
- Function : Author
Manuel Martínez-Sellés
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 799104
- ORCID : 0000-0003-0289-6229
Mª Cruz Menárguez
- Function : Author
Cristina Rincón
- Function : Author
Hugo Rodríguez-Abella
- Function : Author
Marta Rodríguez-Créixems
- Function : Author
Blanca Pinilla
- Function : Author
Ángel Pinto
- Function : Author
Maricela Valerio
- Function : Author
Eduardo Verde Moreno
- Function : Author
Isabel Antorrena
- Function : Author
Belén Loeches
- Function : Author
Mar Moreno
- Function : Author
Ulises Ramírez
- Function : Author
Verónica Rial Bastón
- Function : Author
María Romero
- Function : Author
Araceli Saldaña
- Function : Author
Carlos Armiñanzas Castillo
- Function : Author
Ana Arnaiz
- Function : Author
José Berrazueta
- Function : Author
Sara Bellisco
- Function : Author
Manuel Cobo Belaustegui
- Function : Author
Raquel Durán
- Function : Author
Mªcarmen Fariñas
- Function : Author
Concepción Fariñas-Álvarez
- Function : Author
Carlos Fernández Mazarrasa
- Function : Author
Rubén Gómez Izquierdo
- Function : Author
Claudia González Rico
- Function : Author
José Gutiérrez Díez
- Function : Author
Rafael Martín Durán
- Function : Author
Marcos Pajarón
- Function : Author
José Antonio Parra
- Function : Author
Ramón Teira
- Function : Author
Jesús Zarauza
- Function : Author
Pablo García Pavía
- Function : Author
Jesús González
- Function : Author
Beatriz Orden
- Function : Author
Elena Rodríguez González
- Function : Author
Tomasa Centella
- Function : Author
José Manuel Hermida
- Function : Author
José Luis Moya
- Function : Author
Pilar Martín-Dávila
- Function : Author
Enrique Navas
- Function : Author
Enrique Oliva
- Function : Author
Alejandro del Río
- Function : Author
Soledad Ruiz
- Function : Author
Carmen Hidalgo Tenorio
- Function : Author
Antonio de Castro
- Function : Author
Marina de Cueto
- Function : Author
Pastora Gallego
- Function : Author
Juan Gálvez Acebal
- Function : Author
Jesús Rodríguez Baño
- Function : Author
Arístides de Alarcón
- Function : Author
Emilio García
- Function : Author
Juan Luis Haro
- Function : Author
José Antonio Lepe
- Function : Author
Francisco López
- Function : Author
Rafael Luque
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 1026449
Luis Javier Alonso
- Function : Author
José Manuel Azcona Gutiérrez
- Function : Author
José Ramón Blanco
- Function : Author
Lara García
- Function : Author
José Antonio Oteo
- Function : Author
Natividad de Benito
- Function : Author
Mercé Gurguí
- Function : Author
Cristina Pacho
- Function : Author
Guillem Pons
- Function : Author
A Fernández
- Function : Author
Benito Regueiro
- Function : Author
E Tijeira
- Function : Author
Marino Vega
- Function : Author
Andrés Canut Blasco
- Function : Author
José Cordo Mollar
- Function : Author
Juan Carlos Gainzarain Arana
- Function : Author
Oscar García Uriarte
- Function : Author
Alejandro Martín López
- Function : Author
Zuriñe Ortiz de Zárate
- Function : Author
José Antonio Urturi Matos
- Function : Author
Mª Belén Nacle
- Function : Author
Antonio Sánchez-Porto
- Function : Author
Luis Vallejo
- Function : Author
José Mª Arribasleal
- Function : Author
Elisa García Vázquez
- Function : Author
Alicia Hernández Torres
- Function : Author
Ana Blázquez
- Function : Author
Gonzalo de La Morena Valenzuela
- Function : Author
Ángel Alonso
- Function : Author
Javier Aramburu
- Function : Author
Felicitas Elena Calvo
- Function : Author
Anai Moreno Rodríguez
- Function : Author
Paola Tarabini-Castellani
- Function : Author
Eva Heredero Gálvez
- Function : Author
Carolina Maicas Bellido
- Function : Author
José Largo Pau
- Function : Author
Mª Antonia Sepúlveda
- Function : Author
Pilar Toledano Sierra
- Function : Author
Sadaf Zafar Iqbal-Mirza
- Function : Author
Eva Cascales Alcolea
- Function : Author
Pilar Egea Serrano
- Function : Author
José Joaquín Hernández Roca
- Function : Author
Abstract
Background: Prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Candida spp. (PVE-C) is rare and devastating, with international guidelines based on expert recommendations supporting the combination of surgery and subsequent azole treatment.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed PVE-C cases collected in Spain and France between 2001 and 2015, with a focus on management and outcome.
Results: Forty-six cases were followed up for a median of 9 months. Twenty-two patients (48%) had a history of endocarditis, 30 cases (65%) were nosocomial or healthcare related, and 9 (20%) patients were intravenous drug users. "Induction" therapy consisted mainly of liposomal amphotericin B (L-amB)-based (n = 21) or echinocandin-based therapy (n = 13). Overall, 19 patients (41%) were operated on. Patients <66 years old and without cardiac failure were more likely to undergo cardiac surgery (adjusted odds ratios [aORs], 6.80 [95% confidence interval [CI], 1.59-29.13] and 10.92 [1.15-104.06], respectively). Surgery was not associated with better survival rates at 6 months. Patients who received L-amB alone had a better 6-month survival rate than those who received an echinocandin alone (aOR, 13.52; 95% CI, 1.03-838.10). "Maintenance" fluconazole therapy, prescribed in 21 patients for a median duration of 13 months (range, 2-84 months), led to minor adverse effects.
Conclusion: L-amB induction treatment improves survival in patients with PVE-C. Medical treatment followed by long-term maintenance fluconazole may be the best treatment option for frail patients.