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                  <title>Journées Francophones de Nutrition</title>
                  <date type="start">2019-11-26</date>
                  <date type="end">2019-11-29</date>
                  <settlement>Rennes</settlement>
                  <country key="FR">France</country>
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                  <biblScope unit="serie">JFN 2019 Livre des résumés</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="pp">np</biblScope>
                  <date type="datePub">2019</date>
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              <idno type="prodinra">489164</idno>
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            <textClass>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="sdv.aen">Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="POSTER">Poster communications</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halOldTypology" n="POSTER">Poster communications</classCode>
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              <p>Introduction et but de l’étude : Dans le contexte de la transition nutritionnelle en cours vers davantage de protéines végétales (PV) et moins de protéines animales (PA) au sein des régimes occidentaux pléthoriques associés à un fort risque cardiométabolique, nous avons étudié l’impact de la source protéique alimentaire sur la composition corporelle, la résistance à l’insuline et la lipogenèse de novo (LDN) selon les nutriments énergétiques.Matériel et méthodes : 44 rats Wistar mâles ont été nourris avec 4 régimes iso-protéiques (15% de l’énergie du régime, couvrant les besoins des rats en croissance) constitués de PA (lait) ou PV (mélange 50-50 blé-pois) avec des teneurs en lipides et saccharose normales (N, 27% et 6% de l’énergie du régime, respectivement) ou hautes (H, 55% et 20%, respectivement). Consommation alimentaire, poids, composition corporelle (IRM) et insulino-résistance (indice HOMA-IR) ont été suivis pendant 4 mois avant euthanasie et prélèvement du foie et du tissu adipeux épididymaire (TAE). Dans ces tissus, les contenus en lipides et triglycérides ont été quantifiés après extraction par solvants et séparation en couche mince, et les flux de LDN ont été estimés par traçageisotopique au ²H (surcharge initiale de ²H2O à 99,9% par perfusion intrapéritonéale 2j avant l’euthanasie, puis ²H2O à 5% comme eau de boisson), en mesurant les enrichissements en ²H dans le plasma et les triglycérides tissulaires en EA-IRMS. La LDN totale a été calculée comme la somme de la LDN du foie et de celle de l’ensemble des tissus adipeux, elle-même calculée par extrapolation de celle du TAE.Résultats et Analyse statistique : Les 4 régimes étaient associés à des consommations protéique et énergétique similaires, avec de plus fortes consommations de lipides (x 2,2) et saccharose (x 2,6) dans les régimes H vs N. Au terme des 4 mois, le régime gras et sucré (H vs N) induisait un HOMA-IR ~30% supérieur en moyenne sur les 2 sources protéiques, mais cet effet était moins marqué pour les PV que les PA, avec un HOMA-IR ~30% inférieur pour PV vs PA en régime H. Le régime gras et sucré (H vs N) induisait aussi une masse grasse corporelle ~35% supérieure (pour une même masse maigre) et une LDN totale ~65% supérieure. Plusspécifiquement au niveau du foie, la proportion et la masse de lipides et la LDN étaient ~50% supérieures. Concernant la source protéique (PV vs PA), elle n’affectait ni les masses grasse et maigre corporelles ni la LDN totale mais par contre au niveau du foie, la proportion et la masse de lipides étaient ~15% inférieures et la LDN ~25% inférieure avec PV vs PA.Conclusion : Par rapport aux PA, un mélange équilibré de PV assure une même masse protéique tout en limitant la LDN hépatique et l’insulino-résistance induite par un régime gras et sucré, ce qui fait que les PV pourraient réduire le risque cardiométabolique comme le suggèrent les études épidémiologiques. Des analyses en cours pourraient permettre de préciser les modifications métaboliques permettant d’expliquer ces effets.</p>
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