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            <title xml:lang="en">Teacher Education in France: 21st Century Challenges</title>
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                <title xml:lang="en">Teacher Education in France: 21st Century Challenges</title>
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                <term xml:lang="en">recruitment</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">teacher</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">continuing training</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">initial training</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Mots-clés : formation initiale</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">recrutement</term>
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                <term xml:lang="fr">formation continue</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">formation initiale</term>
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              <p>Teaching children and adolescents in France from early childhood schooling to primary, elementaryand then in high school is a national priority of the Ministry of Education of successive governmentsduring the 21st century. Assuming their roles in the education of young citizens, educationalinstitutions must organize efficient pedagogical training accompanied by supportive administrativearrangements. An important point in pedagogical perspective is to take into account the place and roleof the central stakeholders, the teachers. Different questions relating to the initial and professionaleducation of teachers arise from here. The challenges faced by teacher education in this era are notnew. These are persistent and can be traced, at least, as early as the 19th century, if not before.Challenges related to the training of primary school teachers who educate children from 3 years to 11years are focused in this study. Over the last 50 years, the recruitment criteria related to initial trainingand those related to vocational training have undergone significant changes in the direction of raisingthe level of requirements. The vocational training institutions for teachers have undergone profoundstatutory changes. The competency frameworks and the teachers' certification have been the subjectof various reformulation. Current major challenges by situating them in a historical perspective areidentified and are explained in a political, economic and philosophical scenario.</p>
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              <p>En France, la formation des enfants et des adolescents par l’intermédiaire de l’enseignement scolaire maternel, élémentaire puis au collège et enfin au lycée reste une priorité nationale du Ministère de l’éducation nationale des gouvernements successifs au cours de la quasi vingtaine d’années de ce XXIème siècle. Pour assumer leurs rôles dans l’éducation des jeunes citoyens, les institutions scolaires doivent organiser des conditions pédagogiques efficientes accompagnées par des dispositifs administratifs aidant. Un point important parmi les conditions pédagogiques réside dans la prise en compte de la place et du rôle des acteurs centraux que sont les enseignants. De là surgissent des questions relatives à la formation tant initiale que professionnelle des enseignants.Les questions actuelles ne sont cependant pas nouvelles. Elles sont récurrentes et nous pouvons les repérer, au moins, dès le XIXème sinon avant. Nous nous intéresserons ici plutôt aux questions liées à la formation des enseignants de l’école primaire qui scolarise les enfants de 3 ans à 11 ans. Au cours des 50 dernières années, les critères de recrutement liés à la formation initiale et ceux liés à la formation professionnelle ont subi d’importantes transformations allant dans le sens de l’élévation des niveaux d’exigence. Les institutions de formation professionnelle des enseignants ont subi de profondes modifications statutaires. Les référentiels de compétences et les missions des enseignants ont été l’objet de diverses reformulations.Nous tenterons d’identifier quelques défis majeurs actuels en les situant dans une perspective historique et d’expliciter les enjeux éducatifs en lien avec des enjeux de nature politique, économique et philosophique.</p>
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