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            <title xml:lang="en">Lexematic units and highly-iconic structures in the Italian Sign Language (LIS): new data and new methodologies for their analysis</title>
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            <title xml:lang="it">Unità Lessematiche e Strutture di Grande Iconicità nella Lingua dei Segni Italiana (LIS): nuovi dati e nuove metodologie di analisi.</title>
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                <forename type="first">Claudia S.</forename>
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                <title xml:lang="en">Lexematic units and highly-iconic structures in the Italian Sign Language (LIS): new data and new methodologies for their analysis</title>
                <title xml:lang="fr">Unités lexématiques et structures de grande iconicité dans la langue des signes italienne (LIS): nouvelles données et nouvelles méthodes d'analyse</title>
                <title xml:lang="it">Unità Lessematiche e Strutture di Grande Iconicità nella Lingua dei Segni Italiana (LIS): nuovi dati e nuove metodologie di analisi.</title>
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                    <forename type="first">Claudia S.</forename>
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                <editor>Silvana Ferreri</editor>
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              <p>In this paper we deal with a still unresolved question in the study of LIS: what are the constituent units of the lexicon, and how much are comparable to those typical of spoken languages. The question is linked to the existence, in the signed discourse, of two main types of referring expressions: Lexematic Units (ULs) and Structures of Great Iconicity (SGIs). Making use of 5 different texts transcribed with SignWriting (SW), we explored the nature, the stability and/or the variability of sign shapes and of correspondences of meaning. We sampled the texts for different ways to express 10 entities/actions, and subsequently we asked their authors whether or not there is a "citational form", with an own autonomy for those same entities. The results show recurrent patterns in the selected expressive forms, and these include both ULs (less frequent) and SGIs (more present). Contrary to the assumption of most previous research, there are strong regularities in the elements that make up the SGI and the actual compositional choice. This fact highlights the need to include the SGI among the constituent units of LIS, suggesting to review the modeling of the lexicon of LIS (and of LS in general), identifying the most appropriate constructs that take into account the specific iconic and multilinear features of LS.</p>
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              <p>Dans cet article, nous affrontons une question non encore résolue dans l'étude de la LIS: quels sont les éléments constitutifs du lexique, et dans quelle mesure sont-ils comparables à ceux des langues parlées. La question est liée à l'existence, dans un discours signé, de deux principaux types d'expressions référentielles: les Unités lexématiques (UL) et les Structures de grande iconicité (SGI). En utilisant 5 textes codifiés avec SignWriting (SW), nous avons exploré la typologie, la stabilité et/ou la variabilité des formes de Signes et des correspondances forme/signification. Nous avons recherché dans les textes les différentes façons d'exprimer 10 entités/actions, puis ensuite demander aux auteurs s’il existe une forme "citationnelle", dotée d’une autonomie de sens pour ces mêmes entités. Les résultats font apparaître des schémas récurrents dans les formes expressives identifiées et celles-ci comprennent à la fois des UL (moins fréquentes) et des SGI (plus présentes). Contrairement aux hypothèses d’une grande partie des travaux de recherche, on constate de fortes régularités dans les éléments qui composent les SGI et dans les choix de composition. Cela souligne la nécessité d'inclure la SGI parmi les unités constituantes de la LIS, et suggère qu’il faut revoir en profondeur les modélisations du lexique de la LIS (et des LS en général), en repérant les constructions mieux adaptées afin de tenir compte des caractéristiques iconiques spécifiques des LS.</p>
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              <p>In questo contributo affrontiamo una questione tuttora irrisolta nello studio della LIS: quali siano le unità costitutive del lessico, e quanto siano paragonabili a quelle proprie delle lingue vocali. La questione è legata all'esistenza, nel discorso segnato, di due tipi principali di espressioni referenziali: le Unità Lessematiche (UL) e le Strutture di Grande Iconicità (SGI). Avvalendoci di 5 diversi testi codificati con SignWriting (SW), abbiamo esplorato la tipologia, la stabilità e/o la variabilità di forme segniche e corrispondenze forma-significato. Abbiamo ricercato nei testi i diversi modi di esprimere 10 entità/azioni per poi chiedere agli autori se esista o no una forma "citazionale", dotata di autonomia di senso per quelle stesse entità. I risultati evidenziano pattern ricorrenti nelle forme espressive individuate e queste comprendono sia UL (meno frequenti) che SGI (più presenti). Contrariamente a quanto ritenuto in gran parte delle ricerche, si osservano forti regolarità negli elementi che compongono le SGI e nelle scelte di composizione. Ciò evidenzia la necessità di includere le SGI fra le unità costitutive della LIS, suggerendo di rivedere in profondità le modellizazioni del lessico della LIS (e delle LS in genere), individuando costrutti più appropriati che tengano conto dei tratti iconici e multilineari specifici delle LS.</p>
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