BACKGROUND: Peritoneal adhesions are a serious surgical postoperative complication. The aim of this study is to investigate, in a rat model, the anti-adhesive effects of a bioabsorbable film of polymer combining polyethylene glycol and polylactic acid. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-three animals were randomized into five groups according to the anti-adhesion treatment: Hyalobarrier\textregistered, Seprafilm\textregistered, Polymer A (PA), Polymer B (PB), and control. The rats were euthanized on days 5 and 12 to evaluate the extent, severity and degree of adhesions and histopathological changes. Three animals were euthanized at day 2 in PA, PB and control groups to observe the in vivo elimination. RESULTS: Macroscopic adhesion formation was significantly lower in the PA group than in the control group at day 5 (median adhesion score 0\textpm0 vs 9.6 \textpm0.5 p = 0.002) and at day 12 (0\textpm0 vs 7.3\textpm4 p = 0.02). Furthermore, median adhesion score at day 5 was significantly lower in the PA group than in the Seprafilm group (0\textpm0 vs 4.2\textpm 3.9 p = 0.03). Residence time of PA seems longer than PB. CONCLUSION: The PA bioabsorbable film seems efficient in preventing the formation of peritoneal adhesions.