The presentation aims to make proposals regarding changes which might be required in AKIS so that they can support farmers in their transitions towards more sustainable agriculture. We make 3 main proposals : first we propose that extensionists need to reflect upon institutional and organizational arrangements which support design-use relations and to identify how they contribute : (i) to support both exploration and implementation of transformative intentions whilesupport, (ii) To open discussion spaces in which this transformation intention is debated ; (iii) to enable new comers to participate actively to the exploration-implementation processes. Second we propose to consider that discussion spaces among extensionists based on work analysis and experience sharing are useful to enable extensionits to develop new enquiries in order to be efficient in a high diversity of front office situations.Third we propose to consider that There is a need to reframe the back office work: (i) less experiments more scientific monitoring ; (ii) less ready-to-apply solutions, more guidelines for exploration.