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Article Dans Une Revue Current Biology - CB Année : 2019

Genomic Evidence for Local Adaptation of Hunter-Gatherers to the African Rainforest

Paul Verdu

Résumé

African rainforests support exceptionally high biodiversity and host the world's largest number of active hunter-gatherers [1-3]. The genetic history of African rainforest hunter-gatherers and neighboring farmers is characterized by an ancient divergence more than 100,000 years ago, together with recent population collapses and expansions, respectively [4-12]. While the demographic past of rainforest hunter-gatherers has been deeply characterized, important aspects of their history of genetic adaptation remain unclear. Here, we investigated how these groups have adapted-through classic selective sweeps, polygenic adaptation, and selection since admixture-to the challenging rainforest environments. To do so, we analyzed a combined dataset of 566 high-coverage exomes, including 266 newly generated exomes, from 14 populations of rainforest hunter-gatherers and farmers, together with 40 newly generated, low-coverage genomes. We find evidence for a strong, shared selective sweep among all hunter-gatherer groups in the regulatory region of TRPS1-primarily involved in morphological traits. We detect strong signals of polygenic adaptation for height and life history traits such as reproductive age; however, the latter appear to result from pervasive pleiotropy of height-associated genes. Furthermore, polygenic adaptation signals for functions related to responses of mast cells to allergens and microbes, the IL-2 signaling pathway, and host interactions with viruses support a history of pathogen-driven selection in the rainforest. Finally, we find that genes involved in heart and bone development and immune responses are enriched in both selection signals and local hunter-gatherer ancestry in admixed populations, suggesting that selection has maintained adaptive variation in the face of recent gene flow from farmers.
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hal-02271461 , version 1 (13-05-2020)

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Paternité - Pas d'utilisation commerciale - Partage selon les Conditions Initiales

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Marie Lopez, Jeremy Choin, Martin Sikora, Katherine Siddle, Christine Harmant, et al.. Genomic Evidence for Local Adaptation of Hunter-Gatherers to the African Rainforest. Current Biology - CB, 2019, 29 (17), pp.2926-2935.e4. ⟨10.1016/j.cub.2019.07.013⟩. ⟨hal-02271461⟩
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