<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:hal="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/" xmlns:gmlce="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/ce" version="1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 http://api.archives-ouvertes.fr/documents/aofr-sword.xsd">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>HAL TEI export of hal-02267526</title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
        <availability status="restricted">
          <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 - Universal</licence>
        </availability>
        <date when="2026-05-24T21:58:03+02:00"/>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p part="N">HAL API Platform</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblFull>
          <titleStmt>
            <title xml:lang="en">Concerted evolution in the GAPDH family of retrotransposed pseudogenes.</title>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Pascale</forename>
                <surname>Garcia-Meunier</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">246294-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-58704"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Maryse</forename>
                <surname>Etienne-Julan</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">636214-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-712"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Philippe</forename>
                <surname>Fort</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">11e517eea13e604a4ace0024eff635d2</email>
              <email type="domain">crbm.cnrs.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">fort-philippe</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">174541</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">5543-174541</idno>
              <idno type="RESEARCHERID">http://www.researcherid.com/rid/M-9498-2015</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5997-8722</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/031092292</idno>
              <idno type="RESEARCHERID">http://www.researcherid.com/rid/http://www.researcherid.com/rid/M-9498-2015</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-712"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Marc</forename>
                <surname>Piechaczyk</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">9bcc7b3fe6b43133543979502314063e</email>
              <email type="domain">igmm.cnrs.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1116942</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2339077-1116942</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1367-2597</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/073284289</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-712"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">François</forename>
                <surname>Bonhomme</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">247072-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-58704"/>
            </author>
            <editor role="depositor">
              <persName>
                <forename>Fort</forename>
                <surname>Philippe</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">11e517eea13e604a4ace0024eff635d2</email>
              <email type="domain">crbm.cnrs.fr</email>
            </editor>
          </titleStmt>
          <editionStmt>
            <edition n="v1" type="current">
              <date type="whenSubmitted">2019-08-19 13:49:33</date>
              <date type="whenModified">2024-11-08 09:54:03</date>
              <date type="whenReleased">2019-08-19 13:49:33</date>
              <date type="whenProduced">1993-12-01</date>
              <ref type="externalLink" target="https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/1BB-JLP7PQLP-S/fulltext.pdf?sid=hal"/>
            </edition>
            <respStmt>
              <resp>contributor</resp>
              <name key="187682">
                <persName>
                  <forename>Fort</forename>
                  <surname>Philippe</surname>
                </persName>
                <email type="md5">11e517eea13e604a4ace0024eff635d2</email>
                <email type="domain">crbm.cnrs.fr</email>
              </name>
            </respStmt>
          </editionStmt>
          <publicationStmt>
            <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
            <idno type="halId">hal-02267526</idno>
            <idno type="halUri">https://hal.science/hal-02267526</idno>
            <idno type="halBibtex">garciameunier:hal-02267526</idno>
            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Mammalian Genome&lt;/i&gt;, 1993, 4 (12), pp.695-703. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00357792"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.1007/BF00357792&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
            <idno type="halRef">Mammalian Genome, 1993, 4 (12), pp.695-703. &amp;#x27E8;10.1007/BF00357792&amp;#x27E9;</idno>
            <availability status="restricted"/>
          </publicationStmt>
          <seriesStmt>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CNRS">CNRS - Centre national de la recherche scientifique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-MONTP2">Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="IGMM">Institut de génétique moléculaire de Montpellier</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="GIP-BE">GIP Bretagne Environnement</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="BS">Biologie-Santé</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-MONTPELLIER">Université de Montpellier</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UM1-UM2" corresp="UNIV-MONTPELLIER">Université Montpellier 1 - Université Montpellier 2</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UM-2015-2021" corresp="UNIV-MONTPELLIER">Université de Montpellier (2015-2021)</idno>
          </seriesStmt>
          <notesStmt>
            <note type="audience" n="2">International</note>
            <note type="popular" n="0">No</note>
            <note type="peer" n="1">Yes</note>
          </notesStmt>
          <sourceDesc>
            <biblStruct>
              <analytic>
                <title xml:lang="en">Concerted evolution in the GAPDH family of retrotransposed pseudogenes.</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Pascale</forename>
                    <surname>Garcia-Meunier</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">246294-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-58704"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Maryse</forename>
                    <surname>Etienne-Julan</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">636214-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-712"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Philippe</forename>
                    <surname>Fort</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">11e517eea13e604a4ace0024eff635d2</email>
                  <email type="domain">crbm.cnrs.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">fort-philippe</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">174541</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">5543-174541</idno>
                  <idno type="RESEARCHERID">http://www.researcherid.com/rid/M-9498-2015</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5997-8722</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/031092292</idno>
                  <idno type="RESEARCHERID">http://www.researcherid.com/rid/http://www.researcherid.com/rid/M-9498-2015</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-712"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Marc</forename>
                    <surname>Piechaczyk</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">9bcc7b3fe6b43133543979502314063e</email>
                  <email type="domain">igmm.cnrs.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1116942</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2339077-1116942</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1367-2597</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/073284289</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-712"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">François</forename>
                    <surname>Bonhomme</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">247072-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-58704"/>
                </author>
              </analytic>
              <monogr>
                <idno type="halJournalId" status="VALID">16838</idno>
                <idno type="issn">0938-8990</idno>
                <idno type="eissn">1432-1777</idno>
                <title level="j">Mammalian Genome</title>
                <imprint>
                  <publisher>Springer Verlag</publisher>
                  <biblScope unit="volume">4</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="issue">12</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="pp">695-703</biblScope>
                  <date type="datePub">1993-12-01</date>
                </imprint>
              </monogr>
              <idno type="doi">10.1007/BF00357792</idno>
              <idno type="pubmed">8111117</idno>
            </biblStruct>
          </sourceDesc>
          <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
              <language ident="en">English</language>
            </langUsage>
            <textClass>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Animals</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Base Sequence</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">DNA Transposable Elements</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Mice</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Molecular Sequence Data</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Multigene Family</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Phylogeny</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Pseudogenes</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Rats</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Species Specificity</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Biological Evolution</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">Cloning, Molecular</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="mesh">DNA</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="sdv.bbm.bm">Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="sdv.bdd.eo">Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology/Embryology and Organogenesis</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="sdv.can">Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="sdv.bid.spt">Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="sdv.bc.bc">Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC]</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halOldTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTreeTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
            </textClass>
            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>In murine rodents the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) multigene family includes more than 300 retroprocessed pseudogenes. Its single functional gene encodes GAPDH, an enzyme of glycolysis. Because of its manageable size, this family is a good model for the study of genome cohesion and evolution. By sequence comparison of several GAPDH pseudogenes in Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus, we have obtained evidence that (i) the GAPDH family still generates new pseudogenes; we note in each species the beginning of a process of species-specific evolution since the pseudogenes of one genus on average cluster more with one another than they do with those of the other genus, and (ii) the GAPDH family contains diversified subfamilies. These findings suggest a certain level of transcription and transposition of the pseudogenes independent of the functional gene which may result from various mechanisms. The homogenization we observe may be due to the pseudogenes themselves (concerted evolution in a strict sense), which explains the occurrence of long-term homogenization of old sequences and subfamily groupings.</p>
            </abstract>
          </profileDesc>
        </biblFull>
      </listBibl>
    </body>
    <back>
      <listOrg type="structures">
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-58704" status="INCOMING">
          <orgName>Laboratoire Génome et Populations</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Place Eugène Bataillon, C.C.63, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-92690" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UPR9060" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-712" status="OLD">
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000405990285</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">199111979P</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02785qs39</idno>
          <orgName>Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">IGMM</orgName>
          <date type="start">1993-01-01</date>
          <date type="end">2021-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>1919 Route de Mende - 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.igmm.cnrs.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-410122" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR5535 / UMR9942" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-92690" status="OLD">
          <orgName>Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UM2</orgName>
          <date type="end">2014-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Place Eugène Bataillon - 34095 Montpellier cedex 5</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.univ-montp2.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02feahw73</idno>
          <orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-410122" status="OLD">
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000120970141</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/051escj72</idno>
          <orgName>Université de Montpellier</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UM</orgName>
          <date type="end">2021-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>163 rue Auguste Broussonnet - 34090 Montpellier</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.umontpellier.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>