<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:hal="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/" xmlns:gmlce="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/ce" version="1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 http://api.archives-ouvertes.fr/documents/aofr-sword.xsd">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>HAL TEI export of hal-02266073</title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
        <availability status="restricted">
          <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 - Universal</licence>
        </availability>
        <date when="2026-04-23T13:54:29+02:00"/>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p part="N">HAL API Platform</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblFull>
          <titleStmt>
            <title xml:lang="en">Steep Bedload‐laden Flows: Near‐Critical?</title>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Guillaume</forename>
                <surname>Piton</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">d4db94965327d9a8f54dbf3cc0108402</email>
              <email type="domain">inrae.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">guillaume-piton</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">11274</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">30123-11274</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0124-0909</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/20308991X</idno>
              <orgName ref="#struct-577435"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-182213"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Alain</forename>
                <surname>Recking</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">f0ab1309d4bfb8864d7ec9f54261ccba</email>
              <email type="domain">inrae.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">alain-recking</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">172128</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">8789-172128</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3278-4463</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/11290761X</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-182213"/>
            </author>
            <editor role="depositor">
              <persName>
                <forename>Guillaume</forename>
                <surname>Piton</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">d4db94965327d9a8f54dbf3cc0108402</email>
              <email type="domain">inrae.fr</email>
            </editor>
          </titleStmt>
          <editionStmt>
            <edition n="v1" type="current">
              <date type="whenSubmitted">2019-08-13 12:05:13</date>
              <date type="whenModified">2025-03-22 03:06:19</date>
              <date type="whenReleased">2019-08-13 13:56:49</date>
              <date type="whenProduced">2019-08-06</date>
              <date type="whenEndEmbargoed">2019-08-13</date>
              <ref type="file" target="https://hal.science/hal-02266073v1/document">
                <date notBefore="2019-08-13"/>
              </ref>
              <ref type="file" subtype="author" n="1" target="https://hal.science/hal-02266073v1/file/PitonReckingJGR2019AuthorPersonalCopy.pdf" id="file-2266073-2188631">
                <date notBefore="2019-08-13"/>
              </ref>
              <ref type="externalLink" target="https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02266073/file/PitonReckingJGR2019AuthorPersonalCopy.pdf"/>
              <fs>
                <f name="inra_etatDocument_local" notation="numeric">
                  <numeric>0</numeric>
                </f>
                <f name="inra_etatDocument_local" notation="string" n="0">
                  <string>inra_etatDocument_local_0</string>
                </f>
                <f name="inra_publicVise_local" notation="string" n="SC">
                  <string>Scientists</string>
                </f>
              </fs>
            </edition>
            <respStmt>
              <resp>contributor</resp>
              <name key="477225">
                <persName>
                  <forename>Guillaume</forename>
                  <surname>Piton</surname>
                </persName>
                <email type="md5">d4db94965327d9a8f54dbf3cc0108402</email>
                <email type="domain">inrae.fr</email>
              </name>
            </respStmt>
          </editionStmt>
          <publicationStmt>
            <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
            <idno type="halId">hal-02266073</idno>
            <idno type="halUri">https://hal.science/hal-02266073</idno>
            <idno type="halBibtex">piton:hal-02266073</idno>
            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface&lt;/i&gt;, 2019, 124 (8), pp.2160-2175. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019jf005021"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.1029/2019jf005021&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
            <idno type="halRef">Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 2019, 124 (8), pp.2160-2175. &amp;#x27E8;10.1029/2019jf005021&amp;#x27E9;</idno>
            <availability status="restricted">
              <licence target="https://about.hal.science/hal-authorisation-v1/">HAL Authorization<ref corresp="#file-2266073-2188631"/></licence>
            </availability>
          </publicationStmt>
          <seriesStmt>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SDE">Sciences De l'Environnement</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="IRSTEA">IRSTEA - Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (&lt;b&gt;anciennement Cemagref&lt;/b&gt;)</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="OSUG">Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre, de l'Univers et de l'Environnement de Grenoble</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="GIP-BE">GIP Bretagne Environnement</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="GENIECIVIL">Génie Civil</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="AGREENIUM">Archive ouverte en agrobiosciences</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="IGE">Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement </idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INRAE">Institut National de Recherche en Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ETNA">ETNA</idno>
          </seriesStmt>
          <notesStmt>
            <note type="commentary">[Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux</note>
            <note type="audience" n="2">International</note>
            <note type="popular" n="0">No</note>
            <note type="peer" n="1">Yes</note>
          </notesStmt>
          <sourceDesc>
            <biblStruct>
              <analytic>
                <title xml:lang="en">Steep Bedload‐laden Flows: Near‐Critical?</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Guillaume</forename>
                    <surname>Piton</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">d4db94965327d9a8f54dbf3cc0108402</email>
                  <email type="domain">inrae.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">guillaume-piton</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">11274</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">30123-11274</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0124-0909</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/20308991X</idno>
                  <orgName ref="#struct-577435"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-182213"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Alain</forename>
                    <surname>Recking</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">f0ab1309d4bfb8864d7ec9f54261ccba</email>
                  <email type="domain">inrae.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">alain-recking</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">172128</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">8789-172128</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3278-4463</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/11290761X</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-182213"/>
                </author>
              </analytic>
              <monogr>
                <idno type="halJournalId" status="VALID">50521</idno>
                <idno type="issn">2169-9003</idno>
                <idno type="eissn">2169-9011</idno>
                <title level="j">Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface</title>
                <imprint>
                  <publisher>American Geophysical Union/Wiley</publisher>
                  <biblScope unit="volume">124</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="issue">8</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="pp">2160-2175</biblScope>
                  <date type="datePub">2019-08-06</date>
                </imprint>
              </monogr>
              <idno type="doi">10.1029/2019jf005021</idno>
              <idno type="irstea">PUB00064380</idno>
              <idno type="wos">000490932200007</idno>
              <ref target="https://archives-publications.inrae.fr/pub00064380.pdf" type="seeAlso"/>
            </biblStruct>
          </sourceDesc>
          <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
              <language ident="en">English</language>
            </langUsage>
            <textClass>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="sdu.stu.hy">Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="sde.ie">Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="sdu.stu.gm">Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="spi.gciv.ch">Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Construction hydraulique</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="spi.gciv.risq">Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Risques</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="vocinrae-old" n="NOMBRE DE FROUDE">NOMBRE DE FROUDE</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="vocinrae-old" n="PENTE">PENTE</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="vocinrae-old" n="LIT DE COURS D'EAU">LIT DE COURS D'EAU</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="vocinrae-old" n="SLOPE">SLOPE</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="vocinrae-old" n="STREAM BED">STREAM BED</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halOldTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTreeTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
            </textClass>
            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>Steep gravel-bed rivers sometimes experience floods that dramatically rework river bed structure and topography. Hazard assessments and paleo-event reconstructions require better knowledge of such phenomena. This paper explores morphodynamic evolution of steep channels carrying bedload-laden flows, using a generic Froude-scaled model. Bedload-laden floods were introduced in a narrow flume and spread into a five-times wider unconfined area with a 0.1-steep slope (m/m). Image analysis enabled measurements taken at an unprecedented level of accuracy on unconfined flows laden with bedload. A flow reconstruction procedure was used to compute depth, Froude (F r) and Shields (τ *) numbers on millions of pixels based on a friction law and measurements of surface velocity, slope, and roughness. Despite the steep slope, Froude numbers proved to be mostly subcritical in all but the regions experiencing the most active sediment transport. Competent flows, identified by the transport stage higher than unity (τ * /τ *cr &gt; 1), were near-critical and seldom had F r &gt; 1.3 − 1.5. This demonstrates that, providing that bed width and structure can adjust, hydraulic features such as standing waves, hydraulic jumps and lateral shock waves dissipate energy very efficiently in addition to adjusting channel features. These competent flows also tend to rework channels to approach the energy minimum of near-critical flows. This hypothesis was postulated by Gordon Grant (1997, Wat. Resour. Res. 33(2):349-358), but demonstrated here for the first time at this scale. Considering near-critical flows during discharges high enough to be clearly competent in laterally unconfined reaches seems reasonable as a first approximation in steep channels.</p>
            </abstract>
          </profileDesc>
        </biblFull>
      </listBibl>
    </body>
    <back>
      <listOrg type="structures">
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-182213" status="OLD">
          <idno type="IdRef">079087817</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">199718621H</idno>
          <orgName>Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UR ETGR (ETNA)</orgName>
          <date type="start">2012-01-01</date>
          <date type="end">2019-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>2 rue de la Papeterie-BP 76, F-38402 Saint-Martin-d'Hères</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.irstea.fr</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation name="UR1457" active="#struct-302049" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-302049" status="OLD">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/01wep6g48</idno>
          <orgName>Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">IRSTEA</orgName>
          <date type="start">2012-01-01</date>
          <date type="end">2019-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.irstea.fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>