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            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Progress In Electromagnetics Research C&lt;/i&gt;, 2019, 93, pp.1 - 17. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2528/PIERC19021302"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.2528/PIERC19021302&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
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                <term xml:lang="en">PERIODIC STRUCTURES</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">PHASE SHIFTERS</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">METAMATERIALS</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">COMPOSITE RIGHT/LEFT HANDED TRANSMISSION LINES</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">METAMATERIAUX</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">DEPHASEURS</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">STRUCTURE PERIODIQUE</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">LIGNE DE TRANSMISSION COMPOSITE MAIN GAUCHE/DROITE (CRLH TL)</term>
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              <p>In order to design differential phase shifters (DPS) from metamaterial-based transmission lines, research had a long tradition of using balanced transmission lines which are a particular case of metamaterials, specifically characterized by a simplified equivalent circuit model. This paper presents an innovative way of designing DPS metamaterials by exploiting metamaterial properties more widely, using both balanced and unbalanced cases to obtain a broader set of solutions. These solutions are acquired through the dedicated method this paper expounds, and conceived with the help of a new use of metamaterials. For the sake of ensuring time efficiency and implementation easiness of this design method for industrial purpose, the full wave parametric optimization is reduced to its minimum by exploiting as much as possible in analytic parametric study. This method is illustrated by an application of 180 • DPS on C-Band (5-6 GHz). Three prototypes were fabricated, and the measurements show that the best case of DPS has less than 9 • of phase error over the targeted 20% bandwidth, with a return loss less than −14 dB and insertion losses lower than 1 dB.</p>
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              <p>Les déphaseurs différentiels à partir de lignes de transmission contenant des métamatériaux, sont en général conçus en utilisant des lignes équilibrées, un cas particulier de métamatériaux avec un modèle équivalent simplifié. Cet article présente une manière innovante de concevoir des déphaseurs à métamatériaux, par une plus vaste utilisation de ses degrés de liberté, pour concevoir à la fois des lignes équilibrées et non équilibrées et obtenir ainsi un plus grand panel de solutions. Ces solutions sont obtenues à l'aide d'une méthode dédiée développée dans cet article et conçue à l'aide d'une nouvelle utilisation des propriétés des métamatériaux.  Pour assurer une méthode suffisamment rapide et facile à implémenter pour une application industrielle, l'optimisation paramétrique full-wave est réduite à son minimum en exploitant le plus possible la détermination analytique de la solution initiale. La méthode est illustrée par une application de déphaseur de 180° en bande C (5-6GHz). Les prototypes ont été fabriqués et leur caractérisation montre dans le meilleur cas un déphaseur avec une erreur en phase inférieure à 9° sur toute la bande visée de 20% avec une adaptation de -14dB et des pertes d'insertions de moins de 1dB.</p>
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