Building Typologies for Urban Fabric Classification: Osaka and Marseille Case Studies
Résumé
Around the world, cultural and societal differences have a non-negligible impact on the way cities are built and especially on building's physical shapes. In a transnational context, detailed expert knowledge is not always available, hence the need of identifying typologies of buildings. This paper presents the application of a Bayesian clustering protocol to buildings from two metropolitan areas located in countries with marked cultural and societal differences: Osaka-Kobe in Japan and Marseille-Provence in France. Six indicators related to building characteristics are calculated and used to perform the clustering: Footprint surface, Elongation, Convexity, Number of Adjoining Neighbors, Height and Specialization. Cluster results are then extracted, detailed and analyzed. The building families obtained through clustering show these two coastal metropolitan areas are made up of apparently similar "ingredients" (very similar typologies are found at the relatively coarse level of detail of our study), but with different weights. Small low-rise and massive high-rise as well as low-rise buildings are more common in Osaka-Kobe. Mid-sized and mid-rise buildings are more important in Marseille-Provence, where a distinctive class of adjoining mid-sized buildings is a common mark of traditional European cities. These preliminary results are a good entry point to lead to a better understanding of the link between building families, urban development periods and urban functions.
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