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            <funder>Research supported by IPEV (program No. 1044) and by Chilean Fondecyt Regular 1151336 and PIA CONICYT ACT172065.</funder>
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                <title level="m">The Kerguelen Plateau: Marine Ecosystems and Fisheries</title>
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                <editor>D. Westford</editor>
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                <term xml:lang="en">frontal shifts</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">sub-Antarctic islands</term>
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              <p>In the current context of climate change, sea-surface temperature variation, sea level rise and latitudinal shifts of currents and hydrological fronts are expected to affect marine biodiversity of the sub-Antarctic Islands, particularly in coastal waters. Characterising the impacts of climate change on marine communities requires recording environmental modifications through the establishment of long-term monitoring. PROTEKER aims at the establishment of a submarine observatory consisting of multi-disciplinary research: oceanography, habitat mapping and species inventories, genetic, eco-physiological and trophic analyses. It also aims to provide scientific standards for the management of the Kerguelen Marine Reserve. Eighteen sampling sites of previous programs were revisited by scuba diving among which eight were selected for monitoring and were progressively equipped. ROV observations and beam trawling have also been conducted for contextualisation. These sites (Morbihan Bay (4), North (2) and South (2) coast) are monitored using photo/video surveys, temperature and salinity sensors, and settlement plots. Sessile communities collected on settlement plots will be characterised yearly through morphological and DNA techniques. Phylogeographical studies of target taxa are being conducted to improve our knowledge of endemicity and connectivity levels among sub-Antarctic islands.</p>
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              <p>Dans le contexte actuel du changement climatique, le réchauffement des eaux marines de surface, l’élévation du niveau de la mer ainsi que les déplacements latitudinaux des courants et des fronts hydrologiques risquent d’affecter la biodiversité marine des îles subantarctiques, en particulier en zone côtière. Pour caractériser l’impact des changements climatiques sur les communautés marines il est nécessaire d’enregistrer en continu les modifications environnementales à travers un suivi sur le long terme. Dans ce but, le programme de recherche pluridisciplinaire PROTEKER a été mis en place pour constituerun observatoire sous-marin des effets du changement climatique sur les habitats benthiques côtiers des Iles Kerguelen en couplant des approches complémentaires : océanographie, cartographie d’habitats et inventaires d’espèces, analyses génétiques, écophysiologiques et trophiques. Il vise également à fournir des critères scientifiques pour la gestion de la réserve marine des Kerguelen. Dix-huit sites d’échantillonnage ont été revisités en plongée sous-marine parmi lesquels huit ont été sélectionnés pour le suivi. Ils ont été progressivement équipés, puis des observations en ROV et des chalutages ont également été effectués afin de mieux connaître le contexte environnemental de chaque site. Les suivis (baie du Morbihan (4), côte nord (2) et côte sud (2)) sont réalisés à l’aide de relevés photo / vidéo, de capteurs de température et de salinité, et de placettes de colonisation. Les communautés sessiles collectées sur les placettes seront caractérisées chaque année par des approches morphologiques et moléculaires. Des études phylogéographiques sur des taxons cibles sont en cours afin d’améliorer notre connaissance des niveaux d’endémisme et de connectivité entre les îles subantarctiques</p>
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