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            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Tabularia : Sources écrites des mondes normands médiévaux&lt;/i&gt;, 2016, Autour des sagas : manuscrits, transmission et écriture de l’histoire, 16, pp.279-304. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.4000/tabularia.2703"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.4000/tabularia.2703&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
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                <title xml:lang="it">Gli “scudi di pace” e gli “scudi di guerra” nella letteratura norrena: invenzione letteraria o realtà materiale ?</title>
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                <title level="j">Tabularia : Sources écrites des mondes normands médiévaux</title>
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                <term xml:lang="en">Chivalric sagas</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Shields</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Legendary sagas</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Norse literature</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Scandinavia</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Communication tools</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">littérature norroise</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">boucliers</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">legendary sagas</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">chivalric sagas</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">herskjöldr</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Norse literature</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Vikings</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">sagas légendaires</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">sagas des chevaliers</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">shields</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">friðskjöldr</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Scandinavie</term>
                <term xml:lang="it">strumenti di comunicazione</term>
                <term xml:lang="it">saghe dei cavalieri</term>
                <term xml:lang="it">Vichinghi</term>
                <term xml:lang="it">scudi</term>
                <term xml:lang="it">saghe leggendarie</term>
                <term xml:lang="it">letteratura norrena</term>
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              <p>The legendary sagas and the chivalric sagas oft en mention the use by Scandinavian armies of a "war shield" (herskjöldr) and a "peace shield" (friðskjöldr), the fi rst one symbolizing their warlike intentions and the second one being on the contrary a sign of their wish to stop fi ghting. Th ese objects may be connected to the red and white shields mentioned in theses sources. It seems diffi cult to determine if this technic is real considering that these fi ction texts describe fantasist representations about Nordic prehistory. However, we will see that similar stories in Russian and Frankish sources might suggest that shields had really been used as communication tools.</p>
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              <p>Les sagas légendaires et les sagas des chevaliers mentionnent régulièrement l'emploi dans les armées scandinaves du « bouclier de guerre » (herskjöldr) et du « bouclier de paix » (friðskjöldr), le premier symbolisant leurs intentions belliqueuses, le second étant à l'inverse un indicateur de leur volonté d'interrompre les aff rontements. Ces objets peuvent ainsi être rapprochés des boucliers rouges et blancs mentionnés dans ces mêmes sources. Il est toutefois diffi cile de déterminer s'il s'agit de pratiques réelles, car ces oeuvres de fi ction tardives mettent en scène des représentations fantaisistes de l'antiquité nordique. Cependant, nous verrons que des témoignages similaires dans les sources russes et franques confi rmeraient l'existence d'une utilisation des boucliers comme outils de communication.</p>
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            <abstract xml:lang="it">
              <p>I fornaldarsögur Norðrlanda e i riddarasögur menzionano regolarmente l'impiego negli eserciti scandinavi dello « scudo di guerra » (herskjöldr) e dello « scudo di pace » (friðskjöldr) : il primo simbolizzerebbe le loro intenzioni bellicose, mentre il secondo sarebbe il segno della loro volontà di cessare gli scontri. Questi oggetti possono perciò essere collegati agli scudi rossi e bianchi menzionati all'interno di queste stesse fonti. È tuttavia diffi cile determinare se si tratti di pratiche reali dal momento che queste opere di fantasia tardive forniscono delle rappresentazioni favolose dell'antichità nordica. Ad ogni modo, vedremo che testimonianze simili nelle fonti russe e franche confermerebbero l'esistenza di un utilizzo degli scudi come di strumenti di comunicazione.</p>
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