The training of managers for the economy and administration was very early on a central educational policy issue for the new leaders of independent Algeria. However, while the Algiers Charter (1964) included this issue among the "priorities of independence", the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (MESRS) was created only in 1970 and the first reform of the university proper began only in 1971, a decade after political independence. On the other hand, since the beginning of the 1960s, the selective sector of higher education - ie Technological Institutes and Grandes Ecoles, outside the University - has benefited from several measures and exceptional resources have been mobilized to train engineers, technicians and managers for the industry and administration. This differentiated treatment, stemming inter alia from a political and ideological developmentalist belief, carried particularly by the fraction called "industrialist" in the government, had several major consequences on the University. This contribution, proposed in three main parts, proposes to recall the context of the academic reforms before presenting and discussing their main results. Keywords: Industrial Development, Professionalization, Technological Institutes, University, Higher Education, University Map, LMD Reform, International Expertise